Unit 1 Vocab and Ppl

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, rely on observation and experimentation.

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 2

Wundt established the first psych lab at the Uni of Leipzig, Germany

Question 3

Edward Bradfor Tichener

Answer 3

Used introspection to search for the minds structural elements.

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

early school of thought that used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. Tichener and Wundt.

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

early school of thought explored how mental and behavioral processes function, how they enable organisms to adapt survive and flourish. James and Darwin.

Question 6

William James and Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 6

James was a teacher writer who autored an important 1890 psych text. He mentored Calkins who was a pioneering memory researcher and the first woman president of the American Psychologial Assosiation.

Question 7

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 7

The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.,
Washburn synthesized animal behavior
research in The Animal Mind.

Question 8

Experimental Psychology

Answer 8

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.

Question 9

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner

Answer 9

Working with Rayner, Watson championed
psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses on a baby who became famous as “Little
Albert.”

Question 10

Behaviorism

Answer 10

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies
behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research
psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

Question 11

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 11

a historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people.

Question 12

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 12

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Question 13

Psychology

Answer 13

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 14

B. F. Skinner

Answer 14

leading behaviorist, skinner rejected
introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior.

Question 15

Sigmund Freud

Answer 15

Controversial ideas of this personality theorist and therapist have influenced huanitys self understanding.

Question 16

Charles Darwin

Answer 16

natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.

Question 17

Natural Selection

Answer 17

principle that, among many inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on.

Question 18

Levels of Analysis

Answer 18

Differing ways to view a phenomenon, biological, psychological, and social-cultural.

Question 19

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 19

integrated approach that incorporates all levels of analysis.

Question 20

Psychological Influnces

Answer 20

• learned fears and other learned
  expectations
• emotional responses
• cognitive processing and
  perceptual interpretations

Question 20

Biological influences

Answer 20

• natural selection of adaptive
  traits
• genetic predispositions responding
  to environment
• brain mechanisms
• hormonal influences

Question 21

Social Cultural Influences

Answer 21

• presence of others
• cultural, societal, and family expectations
• peer and other group influences
• compelling models (such as in the media)

Question 22

Behavioral Psychology

Answer 22

focuses on observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning

Question 23

Biological psychology

Answer 23

study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal.) and psychological processes.

Question 24

Cognitive psychology

Answer 24

study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remebering, and communicating.

Question 25

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 25

study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection.

Question 26

Psychodynamic psychology

Answer 26

studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with disorders.

Question 27

Social-cultural psychology

Answer 27

study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 28

Psychometriscs

Answer 28

study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Question 29

Basic Research

Answer 29

pure science that aims to increase the knowledge base.

Question 30

Developmental psychology

Answer 30

studies physical, cognitive, and social change through life span.

Question 31

Educational psychology

Answer 31

study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.`

Question 32

Personality psychology

Answer 32

study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting.

Question 33

Social psychology

Answer 33

study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Question 34

Applied research

Answer 34

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 35

Industrial-Organizational psychology

Answer 35

application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 36

Counseling psychology

Answer 36

assists people with problems in living (work, school, or marriage) and in achieving greater well being.

Question 37

Clinical psychology

Answer 37

studies, asseses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 38

Psychiatry

Answer 38

branch of MEDICINE dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who medicate.

Question 39

Positive psychology

Answer 39

study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

Question 40

Community psychology

Answer 40

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.

Question 41

Testing Effect

Answer 41

better memory when being tested rather than when rereading

Question 42

SQ3R

Answer 42

a study method involving, Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review