UNIT 1 TOPIC 5 Flashcards
What is a solute?
substance that dissolves in a solvent
What is a solvent?
substance solute is dissolved in (often water)
What is a solution?
final product when solute dissolves in solvent
What is aqueous?
type of solution when solute is dissolved in water specifically
What is the solvent polarity rule?
polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents
What do miscible and immiscible refer to?
can be mixed in any ratio
cannot be mixed without separating
What is a mixture?
two or more substances that are not chemically combined
What are the three ways for compounds to dissolve in water?
forming hydrogen bonds
ionising
dissociating
What happens when a compound ionises?
breaks covalent bonds and forms new ones with the water molecules
What happens when a compound dissociates?
breaks ionic bonds and dissociated ions attract polar water molecules
What is chromatography?
technique used to seperate mixtures, identify purity of substance or composition
What are the 2 stages of chromatography and what do they detail?
stationary - phase in which mixture doesn’t move
mobile- stage in which mixture moves
What is the origin and solvent front?
starting point and end point for chromatography
What is the Rf value and how is it calculated?
distance travelled by substance/distance travelled by solvent front
