Unit 1 - AOS 1

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

pure substance only containing one type of element

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

smallest unit of matter

Question 3

What is a nucleus and what does it contain?

Answer 3

region in the centre of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

Question 4

What is atomic number?

Answer 4

the number of protons in an atoms nucleus

Question 5

What is a molecue?

Answer 5

when two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons (H*2)

Question 6

What is a compound?

Answer 6

two or more atoms of different elements bond together (NH*3)

Question 7

What is an ion?

Answer 7

an atom that has lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle (protons /= electrons)

Question 8

What is mass number?

Answer 8

mass of an atom = protons + neutrons

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

variations of an element that has the same atomic number but different mass number due to different number of neutrons

Question 10

What are periods?

Answer 10

rows in the periodic table

Question 11

What are groups?

Answer 11

columns in the periodic table

Question 12

What is a noble gas?

Answer 12

elements in group 18

Question 13

What are the 3 types that the periodic table can be split into?

Answer 13

metals, non metals and metalloids

Question 14

What do elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 14

similar reactivity

Question 15

What do elements in the same period have in common?

Answer 15

same number of occupied electron shells

Question 16

What are blocks?

Answer 16

groups elements belong to based on the location of their valence electrons

Question 17

What are the 4 blocks?

Answer 17

s (left), p (right), d(middle), f(down)

Question 18

What is an orbital?

Answer 18

regions with the highest probability of finding an electron

Question 19

What is the max electrons an orbital can hold?

Answer 19

2 electrons

Question 20

What does each part of subshell notation represent (1s*2)?

Answer 20

• subshell number
• type of subshell
• number of electrons in subshell

Question 21

What is core charge?

Answer 21

the pull of the positive nucleus on the valence electrons

Question 22

How does core charge increase?

Answer 22

across a period —>

Question 23

How can core charge be found?

Answer 23

protons - inner shell electrons = core charge

Question 24

What is atomic radius?

Answer 24

the distance from the centre of an atom to the valence electrons (radius of atom)

Question 25

How does atomic radius change?

Answer 25

decrease across period, increase down group </ (left down)

Question 26

What is periodicity?

Answer 26

characteristics of elements in a period (often change across period)

Question 27

What is electronegativity?

Answer 27

the ability for an element to attract shared electrons

Question 28

What traits do noble gases lack?

Answer 28

electronegativity and reactivity

Question 29

How does electronegativity change?

Answer 29

increases across period and decreases down group /> (right up)

Question 30

What is first ionisation energy?

Answer 30

the energy required to remove the first valence electron

Question 31

How does first ionisation energy change?

Answer 31

increases across period and decreases down group /> (right up)

Question 32

What is metallic character and what is it dependent on?

Answer 32

the degree in which an element is shiny and conductive and is dependent on how easily electrons are lost

Question 33

How does metallic character change?

Answer 33

decreases across period and increases down group </ (left down)

Question 34

What is reactivity?

Answer 34

how easy it is for an atom to lose/gain electrons

Question 35

How does reactivity change?

Answer 35

metals <—
non-metals —->