Unit 1 topic 2: Multicellular organism Flashcards
(50 cards)
Unicellular
- Singled-celled organisms consist of a single cell.
- Example: bacteria, protozoa and unicellular fungi.
Multicellular
- Community of cells that work cooperatively for the survival and reproduction of the organism.
- Example: Simple mosses, sponges and corals, plants and animals.
Specialised cell
- Cells that have a specific function.
- Have unique structural adaptations that enable them to carry out specific functions.
Organs
- Consists of two or more tissues that work together to perform one or more specialised tasks.
- Example: flowers, leaves and roots
Cell cycle
A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. … The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its division.
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
Digestion
Breakdown of food into a form that can be used by an organism for metabolism
Chemical digestion
- Breaking apart complex molecules into simple molecules.
- Carried by enzymes (increase rate of food breakdown)
Absorption
- Most nutrient molecules produced through digestion pass through cell membrane by diffusion.
- Transported to circulatory system which transports to appropriate cells.
Assimilation
- Occurs in cells
- Monomers are built up into complex compounds
- Then converted into other forms as storage products for later use or broken down for energy release
Elimination
- Any undigested food is eliminated from gut as faeces = egestion
Movement of blood
- Moves through series of tubular vessels called arteries, veins and capillaries
- Heart moves blood through these vessels
structure and function of blood
Composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma proteins and platelets – all suspended in a fluid called plasma.
Red blood cells (RBC)
. Transport oxygen from the respiratory surfaces to the tissues
. Packed full of red pigment called haemoglobin
The double circulatory system
. Called the double circulatory system because blood passes through the heart twice.
. Blood is moved around the body as a result of rhythmic contractions of the heart
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries
Walls are composed of a single layer of thin flat cells and permeable to all blood components except RBC and plasma proteins
Veins
take blood towards the heart
Carriage of respiratory gases in the blood
. Oxygen
. Carbon dioxide
Lymphatic system
Network of tissues, vessels and organs that work together to move a colourless, watery fluid called lymph back into your circulatory system (your bloodstream).
Excretion
Animals process food into molecules needed by the body and for general life functions.
What is removed in Excretion?
Most metabolic waste is removed through surfaces in contact with the environment
What are the Excretory organs?
. Lungs/gills
. Kidney
. Skin
. Liver
Excretory organ: Lungs/gills waste product?
Carbon dioxide, water (cellular respiration).