Unit 1 topic 1: Cells are the basis of life Flashcards
features of Cell membrane
Separates the inside of the cell from the outside- has many functions
features of cytoplasm
Consists of cytosol (gel-like substance made up more than 80% water and also ions, salts and organic materials.Consists of organelles in eukaryotic cells
features of DNA
Carries hereditary information, directs cell activities and is passed on from one generation to another
features of ribosomes
synthesis protein
What is a Prokaryotic cell?
Small and lack membrane-bound organelles. Only the single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes.
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
Large and more complex contains a membrane-bound nucleus. Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, meaning that they have nuclei. Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
what is a cell wall?
Rigid and supportive barrier. Animals cells do not have a cell wall and are only found in plant and bacteria cell. located outside of the cell membrane.
What is a nucleus?
Contains DNA and is the control centre of the cell. It is surrounded by a double membrane.
What is an endoplasmic reticulum?
A system of membrane channels (highway of the cell) and little sacs that acts as a “workspace” for cellular reactions.
Rough ER
studded with ribosomes and is where proteins are made and processed.
Smooth ER
Has no ribosomes and is where the cell makes phospholipids and packages proteins into vesicles (small storage sacs)
Ribosomes
Can be attached to ER or free. They are tiny organelles that make proteins
What is a Golgi Apparatus?
Looks like a stack of plates that stores, modifies and packages proteins. Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles.
What is a vacuole?
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes and pigments. Large central vacuole usually in plant cells, Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells.
What is a mitochondria?
The “power house of the cell” Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
Releases energy from food molecules. Creates ATP, an energy containing molecule that acts as a “battery” to power other cell reactions
What is a chloroplast?
Site of food (glucose) production, bound by a double membrane that is found only in plant cells. Contains the green pigment chlorophyll.
What is a cytoskeleton?
Network of microfilaments and microtubules that extends from the nucleus to the plasma (cell) membrane. Give cells its shape.
What is a centriole?
Aids in cell division and usually found only in animal cells. made of microtubes.
What is a lysosome?
Garbage disposal of the cell, Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
What is a Cytosol
Fluid component of cytoplasm in which organelles are located
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To help in the active transport of materials in and out of the cell. To provide a certain degree of mechanical support to the cell, so that it can maintain its shape.
To act as a receptor for chemical materials (e.g. hormones) and so maintaining the specificity of the particular cell type.
Structure of the cell membrane.
The basic structure of the membrane is known as a phospholipid bilayer. Two thin sheets of polar phospholipids