Unit 1: the skeletal system

Question 1

Shape

Answer 1

Bones give you shape by:

• Shape of your face
• How tall you are
• Length of limbs

Question 2

Support

Answer 2

The skeleton supports your organs, it is something for them to attach to, or suspend from so they don’t collapse.

Question 3

Protection

Answer 3

The skeleton protects your internal organs from impact.

Question 4

Movement

Answer 4

Our muscles are attached to the skeleton and when the muscles contract they pull on bones to produce movement.

Question 5

Blood cell production

Answer 5

Bones are light because they are not solid. Inside some of the bones is bone marrow where blood cells are created.

Question 6

Mineral storage

Answer 6

Calcium and phosphorus is stored in the bones. These are then used in other parts of the body for different functions.

Question 7

Axial Skeleton

Answer 7

The core of our skeleton, the main function is to protect the vital organs.

Question 8

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 8

It is made if the bones that makes up our limbs, it’s main function is movement

Question 9

Head

Answer 9

Cranium

Question 10

Chest

Answer 10

Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Ribs

Question 11

Arm

Answer 11

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

Question 12

hands

Answer 12

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 13

Pelvis

Answer 13

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 14

Legs

Answer 14

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula

Question 15

Feet

Answer 15

Talus
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Question 16

Vertebral Column: C…

Answer 16

Cervical

Charlie

Question 17

Vertebral Column: T…

Answer 17

Thoracic

Tries

Question 18

Vertebral Column: L…

Answer 18

Lumbar

Learning

Question 19

Vertebral Column: S…

Answer 19

Sacrum

Soccer

Question 20

Vertebral Column: C…

Answer 20

Coccyx

Chants

Question 21

Long bones

Answer 21

Bones that are longer than they are wide

- Their purpose if for movement/leverage

Question 22

Long bones examples

Answer 22

Femur, humerus and radius

Question 23

Short bones

Answer 23

These bones are small and boxy

- Their purpose is to bear weight

Question 24

Short bone examples

Answer 24

Carpal bones and tarsal bones

Question 25

Flat Bones

Answer 25

Bones that are thin and flat, sometimes they have a slight curve - Their purpose is to protect vital organs

Question 26

Flat bones examples

Answer 26

Cranium and sternum

Question 27

Sesamoid bones

Answer 27

A bone embedded in a tendon or muscle | - Their purpose is to protect the joints

Question 28

Sesamoid bone examples

Answer 28

Patella

Question 29

Irregular bones

Answer 29

Bones that cannot be grouped with the rest | -Protection of the vertebral column

Question 30

Irregular bones examples

Answer 30

Vertebrae

Question 31

Fixed/fused joints

Answer 31

These joints allow no movement at all.

Question 32

Slightly movable/cartilaginous joints

Answer 32

These are joints that include bones that held together with only cartilage so only allow a small amount of movement in most directions

Question 33

Freely movable/ synovial joints

Answer 33

These joints allow almost total free movement

Question 34

Hinge joint

Answer 34

``` Can move in only one direction Eg: Elbow Knee Ankle ```

Question 35

Pivot joint

Answer 35

Allows rotational movement around a singular axis Eg: Neck Radio-Ulnar

Question 36

Ball and socket joint

Answer 36

Allows movement in all directions Eg: Hip Shoulder

Question 37

Condyloid joint

Answer 37

Allows movement forward and backwards Eg: Wrist

Question 38

Saddle Joint

Answer 38

Very strong and allows movement backwards, forwards and side to side. Eg: Thumb

Question 39

Gliding Joint

Answer 39

``` Two flat bones come together, they allow little movement in a number of directions. Eg: Tarsals Carpals Lower Vertebrae ```

Question 40

Articular/hyaline Cartilage

Answer 40

This cartilage covers the ends of bones where they meet, it is hard, sooth and a bluish/white colour. Because it is so smooth it allows bones to move against each other with limited freedom

Question 41

Ligaments

Answer 41

Ligaments join bone to bone, they hold the bones together to ensure that the joint is stable. Ligaments are extremely strong and lightly elastic to allow movement.

Question 42

Synovial membrane

Answer 42

This is the layer that contains the synovial fluid within it,

Question 43

synovial fluid

Answer 43

This fluid lies within the synovial membrane, it acts as a shock absorber for any impact and reduces the friction in the joint.

Question 44

Menisci/meniscus

Answer 44

These are pads of tissue in between the articular cartilage and within the synovial fluid. they also act as a shock absorber.

Question 45

pads of fat

Answer 45

Pads of fat sit within a joint, in order to reduce friction. In the knee. They sit at the end of bones below the patella.

Question 46

bursae

Answer 46

Small sacs of fluid located where ever there may be friction in the joint.

Question 47

Joint capsule

Answer 47

The protective layer around a joint