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Sports > Unit 1: the cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Unit 1: the cardiovascular system Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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2
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygentated blood away from the heart

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3
Q

Valve

A

Prevents the backflow of blood

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4
Q

The 4 chambers of the heart

A

Left atrtrium
Left ventricle

Right atrium
Right ventricle

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5
Q

Major veins in the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

Vena cava

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6
Q

Major arteries in the heart

A

Pulmonary artery

aorta

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7
Q

Valves in the heart

A

Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve

Semi-lunar Pulmonary valve
Semi-lunar aortic valve

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8
Q

Pathway of blood: Step 1

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava

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9
Q

Pathway of blood: Step 2

A

Due to a build up of pressure, this blood then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

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10
Q

Pathway of blood: Step 3

A

The blood is then pumped through the semi-lunar pulmonary valve and out of the pulmonary artery to pick up oxygen from the lungs.

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11
Q

Pathway of blood: Step 4

A

The now oxygenated blood re-enters teh left side of the heart therough the pulmonary vein amd into the left atrium.

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12
Q

Pathway of blood: Step 5

A

Due to a build up of pressure the blood passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.

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13
Q

Pathway of blood: Step 6

A

The oxygenated blood is then pumped through the semi-lunar aortic valve and out or the aorta to the rest of the body.

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14
Q

Typical cardiac output value

A

5 litres/minute

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15
Q

Heart rate (HR)

A

Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in one minute.

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16
Q

Typical heart rate value

A

between 60 and 80 bpm

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17
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles every time the heart contracts (Beats)

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18
Q

Typical stroke volume

A

70 ml/per beat , But can range from 50ml-100ml

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19
Q

What happens to Heart Rate when we excercise?

A

Increase

- so oxygen can be delivered to working muscles

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20
Q

What happens to Stroke Volume when we excercise?

A

Increase

- more blood is pumped per beat/contraction

21
Q

What happens to Cardiac Output when we excercise?

A

Increase

- Can reach 30l/minute. because both heart rate and stroke volume have increased.

22
Q

Equation?

A

CO=HRxSV

23
Q

Cardiac Hypertrophy

A

The cardiac muscle becoming bigger and stronger.

24
Q

Bradycardia

A

Decrease in resting heart rate to below 60bpm

25
Q

Sharp rise

A

Sharp rise in heart rate due to mainly anaerobic work

26
Q

Max heart rate

A

(Maximal excercise only)

Heart rate peaks at maximum due to body being stressed to maximal workload.

27
Q

Steady state

A

(Sub-maximal excercise only)

The athlete is able to meet the oxygen demand.

28
Q

Rapid decline

A

Rapid decline in heart rate as soon as excercise stops.

29
Q

Heart rate remains slightly elavated

A

Before returing to resting rate heart rate will remain elavted to get rid of waste products such as C0(2) and lactic acid.

30
Q

White blood cells

A

The main role of white blood cells is to protect the body from infections. they identify, destroy and remove pathogens such as bacteria and viruses from the body.

31
Q

Plasma

A

This is the straw coloured liquid that makes up around 50% of our blood volume. it is made of 90% water to allow cells to flow around your body effectively.

32
Q

Platelets

A

Their job is to stop youform bleeding. Most of the time they circulate with nothing to do. But when there is a cut in a blood vessel they create a scab.

33
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of the blood vessels using the pre capillary sphincters to constrict the amount of blood flowing to certain area of the body.

34
Q

Vasodilation

A

The widening of the blood vessels using the pre capillary sphincters to increase the amount of blood flowing to certain area of the body.
What is venous return
Blood returning to the heart through the veins.

35
Q

Pocket valves

A

Veins have pocket valves lining their walls to ensure blood only flows in one direction. They point upwards so that when blood is pumped upwards, the valve is forced open. They then close behind the blood and stop any blood from flowing back down the vein.

36
Q

The skeletal muscle pump

A

The skeletal muscle pump occurs when muscles contract and relax during exercise they change shape. This causes muscles to press against nearby veins causing a squeezing effect of blood back to the heart.

37
Q

The respiratory pump

A

Whilst breathing your muscles contract and relax. During inhaling and exhaling, pressure changes in the thoracic cavity. Then these changes assist the blood back to the heart through the veins. By creating pressure on the veins and forcing the blood through veins back to the heart.

38
Q

Increased heart rate

A

Increased heart rate stimulates blood flow which allows oxygen to travel around the body to the muscles that need it.

39
Q

Increased stroke volume

A

Venous return increases, meaning there is a higher volume of blood re-entering the heart. This allows for stroke volume to increase.

40
Q

Increased cardiac output

A

Because heart rate and stroke volume have increased the total cardiac output will also increase as more blood is pumped from the heart.

41
Q

Increased blood pressure

A

(In the arteries)

Blood pressure increases as the heart needs to pump oxygenated blood to the muscles quickly.

42
Q

Increased venous return

A

Venous return increases because more blood is needed to be pumped around the body to deliver oxygen to the working muscles, so blood is rentering the heart quicker

43
Q

Long term effects

A
  • Increased Stroke volume (resting)
  • Decreased resting heart rate
  • Maximal cardiac output is increased.
44
Q

Physical adaptations (LT)

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Greater elasticity of of the heart muscle
  • Cardiac Hypertrophy
45
Q

What is the vascular shunt mechansim

A

The redistribution of blood when excercising

46
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped from the heart per minute (in litres).

47
Q

Anticpatory rise

A

Heart rate begins to increase as the hormone adrenaline is released.

48
Q

Red blood cells

A

The main role of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen. They contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.

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