Unit 1: the muscular system Flashcards
shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Trapezius Deltoid Pectoralis Major
Elbow
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Radio-Ulnar
Supinator Muscle
Pronator Teres
Wrist
Wrist Flexors
Wrist Extensors
Hip
Iliopsoas Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Knee
Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedialis Bicep Femoris Semimemtendinosus Semimembranosus
Ankle
Tibialus Anterior
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Vertebral column
Erector Spinae Group
Internal Obliques
External Obliques
Rectus Abdominus
Concentric contraction
When a muscle shortens under tension. (Explosive movements, such as a penalty kick.)
Eccentric contraction
When a muscle lenghtens under tension. (Working against gravity, the lowering phase of a pressup.)
Isometric contraction
This takes place when muscles are contracting but there is no movement. (Plank, handstand, scrum in rugby)
Antagonist
Muscles work in pairs. Which means as one muscle contracts the other relaxes, to allow the movement to happen. The muscle which relaxes is the antagonist.
Fixator
These are the muscles which surround
Knee Flexion (Agonist)
Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Knee Flexion (Antagonist)
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedialis
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Knee flexion (Fixator)
Gluteus Maximus
Knee Extension (Agonist)
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedialis
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Knee Extension (Antagonist)
Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Knee Extension (Fixator)
Gluteus Maximus
Agonist
This is the term used to describe the muscle or muscles that ere responsible for the movement of a joint.
Slow Oxidative (Type 1)
These fibres have a slower contraction speed and are better adapted to low intensity excercise such as long distance running. They produce most of their energy aerobically.
Fast Oxidative Glycolitic (Type 2a)
These combine structures of fast glycolitic and slow oxidative fibres. They use oxygen to convert glycogen into ATP. These fibres are more resistant to fatigue and are used in events such as the 1500m or a football match.
Fast Glycolitic (Types 2b)
They use glycogen as their primary energy source, working without oxygen. These fibres fatigue much quicker than type 2a so are used for highly explosive events such as the 100m sprint or weight lifting.
Motorneurone size
Type 1 = Small
Type 2a = Large
Type 2b = Very Large
