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Sports > Unit 1: the muscular system > Flashcards

Unit 1: the muscular system Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

shoulder

A 
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major 
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major
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2
Q

Elbow

A

Biceps Brachii

Triceps Brachii

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3
Q

Radio-Ulnar

A

Supinator Muscle

Pronator Teres

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4
Q

Wrist

A

Wrist Flexors

Wrist Extensors

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5
Q

Hip

A 
Iliopsoas
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
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6
Q

Knee

A 
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis 
Vastus Intermedialis
Bicep Femoris
Semimemtendinosus 
Semimembranosus
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7
Q

Ankle

A

Tibialus Anterior
Soleus
Gastrocnemius

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8
Q

Vertebral column

A

Erector Spinae Group
Internal Obliques
External Obliques
Rectus Abdominus

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9
Q

Concentric contraction

A

When a muscle shortens under tension. (Explosive movements, such as a penalty kick.)

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10
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

When a muscle lenghtens under tension. (Working against gravity, the lowering phase of a pressup.)

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11
Q

Isometric contraction

A

This takes place when muscles are contracting but there is no movement. (Plank, handstand, scrum in rugby)

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12
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscles work in pairs. Which means as one muscle contracts the other relaxes, to allow the movement to happen. The muscle which relaxes is the antagonist.

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13
Q

Fixator

A

These are the muscles which surround

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14
Q

Knee Flexion (Agonist)

A

Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

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15
Q

Knee Flexion (Antagonist)

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedialis

Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis

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16
Q

Knee flexion (Fixator)

A

Gluteus Maximus

17
Q

Knee Extension (Agonist)

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedialis

Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis

18
Q

Knee Extension (Antagonist)

A

Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

19
Q

Knee Extension (Fixator)

A

Gluteus Maximus

20
Q

Agonist

A

This is the term used to describe the muscle or muscles that ere responsible for the movement of a joint.

21
Q

Slow Oxidative (Type 1)

A

These fibres have a slower contraction speed and are better adapted to low intensity excercise such as long distance running. They produce most of their energy aerobically.

22
Q

Fast Oxidative Glycolitic (Type 2a)

A

These combine structures of fast glycolitic and slow oxidative fibres. They use oxygen to convert glycogen into ATP. These fibres are more resistant to fatigue and are used in events such as the 1500m or a football match.

23
Q

Fast Glycolitic (Types 2b)

A

They use glycogen as their primary energy source, working without oxygen. These fibres fatigue much quicker than type 2a so are used for highly explosive events such as the 100m sprint or weight lifting.

24
Q

Motorneurone size

A

Type 1 = Small
Type 2a = Large
Type 2b = Very Large

25
Q

Resistance to Fatigue

A

Type 1 = High
Type 2a = Intermediate
Type 2b = Low

26
Q

Force Production

A

Type 1 = Low
Type 2a = High
Type 2b = Very High

27
Q

Mitochindria Density

A

Type 1 = High
Type 2a = High
Type 2b = Low

28
Q

Capillary density

A

Type 1 = High
Type 2a = High
Type 2b = Low

29
Q

Oxidative Capacity

A

Type 1 = High
Type 2a = High
Type 2b = Low

30
Q

Glycolytic capacity

A

Type 1 = Low
Type 2a = High
Type 2b = High

31
Q

Major Fuel

A

Type 1 = Triglycerides / fats
Type 2a = Creatine phosphate and Glycogen
Type 2b = Creatine Phosphate and Glycogen

32
Q

Negative short term impacts

A
  • Muscle soreness
  • Muscle fatigue
  • Energy stores and Myoglobin are depleted
33
Q

Negative long term impacts

A
  • Can cause overuse / stress injuries

- Faschitis can occur (Particularly tibialus anterior)

34
Q

Positive short term impacts

A
  • Increased blood flow to muscles
  • Increase in muscle temperature
  • Increased alertness
35
Q

Positive long term impacts

A
  • Increased muscle thickness of muscle fibres (Hypertrophy)
  • Increased number of muscle fibres (Hyperplasia)
  • More efficient capillary beds

Sports (9 decks)

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