Unit 1: The Renaissance

Question 1

Renaissance late 1400s

Answer 1

revolutionized Europe to bring it out of the Middle Ages

Question 2

Renaissance Development

Answer 2

art, architecture, secular studies

Question 3

Renaissance Secularism Effect

Answer 3

led to 100 Years War and the Great Schism

Question 4

Renaissance Literature

Answer 4

rediscovery of classical texts from ancient Greece and Rome

Question 5

Renaissance Literature Effect

Answer 5

arose new values socially, politically, and religiously

Question 6

Commercial and Agricultural Capitalism

Answer 6

jobs turned away from agriculture and towards societal and economic structure

Question 7

Renaissance Emergence

Answer 7

rediscovery of ancient Greece and Rome ideals of light and enjoyment of life

Question 8

Cultural and Political Revolution Spread

Answer 8

higher availability of texts by Aristotle, Plato, and Cicero in modern language

Question 9

Social Structure Changes

Answer 9

certain individuals like scholars and artists occupied a different place in society

Question 10

Social Class and Wealth

Answer 10

still very important, hierarchy and status continued

Question 11

Agricultural Importance

Answer 11

lives centered around seasons, village, or manor (not much change for average European)

Question 12

Fuedalism

Answer 12

idea of power was dismantled

Question 13

Conquest motivation

Answer 13

had to spread the gospel and get gold/spices for economic growth

Question 14

Secularism

Answer 14

leaning away from religion being the center of everyday life

Question 15

Capitalism

Answer 15

formation of capital holding companies that engaged in expensive and risky trade with Russia, the Far East, and other remote trading

Question 16

Serfdom

Answer 16

where peasants/ serfs were indentured servants to wealthy lords

Question 17

Oligarchy

Answer 17

rule by a restricted number of wealthy merchants

Question 18

Columbian Exchange

Answer 18

plants, animals, humans, cultures, germs, and ideas between Europe, America, and Africa

Question 19

Commercial Revolution

Answer 19

population growth and improvements in banking, trade, and manufacturing led to commercial growth

Question 20

Price Revolution

Answer 20

importation of silver and gold that caused inflation of European goods

Question 21

Despotism

Answer 21

popolo Grassi= wealthy merchants that dominated economic and political life

Question 22

Humanism

Answer 22

The most important literary movement that was an intellectual movement based on the study of the secular Classical literary works of Greece and Rome

Question 23

Medici Family

Answer 23

the Godfathers of the Renaissance, highly influential patrons that used wealth to provide support to artistic and intellectual growth

Question 24

Bullionism during the Commercial Revolution

Answer 24

the accumulation of precious metals like gold and silver to measure a nation’s wealth and power

Question 25

Mercantilist Policies during the Commercial Revolution

Answer 25

commonly employed by European colonial powers, things like exclusive trade and extraction of resources from the colonies to benefit motherland’s economy

Question 26

Mercantilism during the Commercial Revolution

Answer 26

accumulated wealth through trade

Question 27

Banks during the Commercial Revolution

Answer 27

new financial institutions that offered currency exchange, loans, and letters of credit to facilitate international trade

Question 28

Hanseatic League

Answer 28

powerful trading alliance of Northern European cities that promoted commercial interests and trade routes

Question 29

Labor Systems during the Commercial Revolution

Answer 29

growth of wage labor as merchants and entrepreneurs needed workers for their expanding markets, serfdom got less popular

Question 30

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 30

came up with the scientific method and was a renowned artist, scientist, and inventor

Question 31

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 31

painted the Mona Lisa

Question 32

Michelangelo

Answer 32

art work that demonstrated psychological insight and realism

Question 33

Michelangelo

Answer 33

Sistine Chapel and St. Peter’s Basilica

Question 34

Raphael

Answer 34

art that epitomized Renaissance qualities of harmony and ideal beauty

Question 35

Raphael

Answer 35

painted School of Athens that epitomized worldly truth

Question 36

Sandro Botticelli

Answer 36

paintings that reflected humanist ideals of anatomy and perspective

Question 37

Sandro Botticelli

Answer 37

painted Primavera

Question 38

Johannes Gutenburg

Answer 38

German inventor of printing press mid 15th century

Question 39

Machievelli

Answer 39

books on philosophical ideals of humanism and human nature in an ideal monarchy

Question 40

Social Structure during the Commercial Revolution

Answer 40

created opportunities for merchants to accumulate wealth, led to emergence of wealthy merchant class