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AP EURO > Unit 1: The Italian Renaissance > Flashcards

Unit 1: The Italian Renaissance Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Spread in the 15th century

A

started in Italy, spread across Europe

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2
Q

Renaissance Main Ideas

A

revival of classical texts and new humanist values

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3
Q

Renaissance New Ideas

A

scientific and secular views

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4
Q

European Renaissance Society

A

growing national consciousness and political centralization

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5
Q

European Renaissance Economy

A

urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism

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6
Q

European Renaissance Culture

A

secular thought and culture

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7
Q

City- States

A

controlled political and economic life

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8
Q

City-State Social Structure

A

led to new class of urban rich made up of local nobility and newly rich

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9
Q

5 major city-states

A

Milan, Florence, Venice, Naples, and the Papal States

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10
Q

Oligarchies

A

hired strongmen to maintain law and order, used absolute power in a cruel way

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11
Q

Rise of Diplomacy

A

rise of warfare and political turbulence

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12
Q

Despotism

A

despots (oligarchies) created embassies and appointed ambassadors

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13
Q

Printing Press

A

spread ideas and dissemination of knowledge from classical and modern texts

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14
Q

Challenges to the legitimacy of the Catholic Church

A

definition of intellectual changed, legitimacy of “intellectuals” in power challenged

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15
Q

Individualism

A

the separation of one’s self from the crown and divine being

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16
Q

Catholic Church and Universities

A

power and teachings challenged with basis of secularism and individualism

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17
Q

Education Shift

A

towards classical texts and scientific methods

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18
Q

Naturalism

A

to portray human philosophical ideals by portraying art and the environment realistically

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19
Q

Geometric Perspective

A

geometric line and vanishing point to give illusion of depth and space to painting

20
Q

Focus on Art

A

concept of patronage and interest in art grew

21
Q

Religious Ideals

A

illegitimacy of the Catholic Church encouraged individual approaches to religion

22
Q

“Renaissance Man”

A

humanism and centering man in everything lead to idea of well-rounded individual

23
Q

Lorenzo Valla

A

gave humanist movement ideas of illegitimate papal authority

24
Q

Donatello

A

sculptured from marble, bronze, and wood that used individuality to represent anatomy correctly

25
Q

Italian Renaissance Texts

A

emphasis on classical texts

26
Q

Italian Renaissance Art

A

more mythological depictions, less everyday naturalism

27
Q

Italian Renaissance reform

A

less on religion and more on intellectual reforms in history, literature, and human anatomy

28
Q

Political Fragmentation

A

secular states popularized

29
Q

Jean Bodin

A

believed sovereignty must be absolute and undivided

30
Q

Hugo Grotius

A

created modern policies and theories for resorting to war

31
Q

Merchants and Financiers during Spanish Monarchial expansion

A

gaining power and ascending in social strata

32
Q

Main Idea #1

A

Revival of classical texts led to new methods and values in society and religion

33
Q

1a. Petrach, Valla, Ficini, Mirandola

A

Italian Renaissance humanists promoted revival

34
Q

1b. Printing Press

A

Spread ideas that shifted education from theology to classical texts

35
Q

1c. Greek and Roman Politics

A

created secular models

36
Q

Main Idea #2

A

Printing aided the dissemination of new ideas

37
Q

2a. Printing

A

spread Renaissance ideas beyond Italy

38
Q

2b. Martin Luther

A

used it to spread Protestant Reformation ideas

39
Q

Main Idea #3

A

Visual arts prompted personal, political, and religious goals of the Renaissance

40
Q

3a. Italian Renaissance artists

A

were commissioned to incorporate classical styles

41
Q

3b. Northern Renaissance naturalism

A

was more human based because of religious focus

42
Q

3c. Mannerist and Baroque

A

art styles that used distortion, drama, and illusion

43
Q

Main Idea #4

A

New scientific ideas challenged classical views

44
Q

4a. Copernicus, Galileo, Newton

A

innovations in astronomy led to heliocentrism

45
Q

4b. Medical and anatomical discoveries by William Harvey

A

challenged Greek physician Galen

46
Q

Bacon and Descartes

A

came up with new mathematical methods to promote experimentation

47
Q

Paracelsus and Cardano

A

some of the few natural philosophers that continued to hold traditionalistic views

AP EURO (8 decks)

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