Unit 1: The Northern Renaissance

Question 1

Northern Renaissance beginning

Answer 1

after the Italian Renaissance at the beginning of the 15th century

Question 2

Affected Countries

Answer 2

Germany, France, England, Belgium, and the Netherlands

Question 3

Northern Renaissance Religious Reform

Answer 3

catalyzed Protestant reformation because of discrepancies between Latin Bible and Catholic Church teachings

Question 4

Northern vs. Italian Religious Reform

Answer 4

were more passionate about reform and from diverse backgrounds

Question 5

Christian Humanism

Answer 5

teachings of Christianity incorporated into individualism

Question 6

Erasmus

Answer 6

“prince of humanism”, wrote texts on corruption of Church

Question 7

Erasmus’s “New Testament”

Answer 7

shaped modern biblical scholarship

Question 8

Christian Humanism Effect

Answer 8

reform and creation of new sectors away from Catholic Church were promoted

Question 9

Literacy with Printing Press

Answer 9

rose and led to questioning of religious text to demand reform

Question 10

Northern Renaissance Texts

Answer 10

less on Classical texts

Question 11

Northern Renaissance Art

Answer 11

more religious depiction of everyday life

Question 12

Northern Renaissance Religion

Answer 12

more focus on reform to practices of Catholic Church

Question 13

Naturalism

Answer 13

began in early stages of Northern Renaissance and aimed to depict people in great detail with precision

Question 14

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Answer 14

employed naturalism to depict metaphors of Renaissance ideals (ex. rebirth)

Question 15

Rembrandt

Answer 15

depicted emergence of importance of studying human anatomy

Question 16

Merchants and Financiers during the Spanish Expansion

Answer 16

gaining power and ascending the social strata

Question 17

Main Idea #1

Answer 17

Protest that led to Catholic reform changed Europe

Question 18

1a. Christian humanism created by Erasmus

Answer 18

used Renaissance ideas to reform religion

Question 19

1b. Martin Luther and John Calvin

Answer 19

created Lutheranism and Calvinism that criticized Catholic abuses

Question 20

1c. Calvinists

Answer 20

Protestants that viewed wealth as a sign of God’s favor

Question 21

1d. Catholic Reformation

Answer 21

revived the Church but cemented divisions of Christianity

Question 22

Main Idea #2

Answer 22

Religious reform increased state control of religious institutions and justified challenging authority

Question 23

2a. Henry VIII

Answer 23

initiated religious reform from the top down like some monarchs

Question 24

2b. Calvin

Answer 24

Protestants like him refused to recognize the cooperation of the Church

Question 25

2c. Huguenots

Answer 25

religious conflicts caused by groups challenging the monarch’s control

Question 26

Main Idea #3

Answer 26

Conflicts between religious groups overlapped with competition within and among states