Unit 1 Test Flashcards
What is the function of the eyepiece lens on a microscope?
It is the lens you look through to see slides
What are cells?
The basic units of life
What is the function of the objective lens on a microscope?
To magnify the cells on the slide
What is the function of the stage on a microscope?
It is the area where the slides are placed
What is the function of the clips on a microscope?
They are used to keep the slide in place on the stage
What is the function of the mirror on a microscope?
To bounce light on to the slides
What is the function of the focussing wheels on a microscope?
They are used to focus in on the side panel on the stage
What is the magnification of a microscope?
The magnification of a microscope describes how many times bigger the image appears
What three things do all animal cells have?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
What three things do all plant cells have?
Vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts
What is the function of the nucleus?
It controls all cell activity
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where all chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the cell wall?
It helps give plants their shape
What is the function of the vacuole?
Contains cell sap
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis
What is used to show parts of the cell more clearly?
Stains
What is methylene blue used for?
Staining human cheek cells
What is iodine solution used for?
To stain onion cells
What is cell division?
A means of increasing cells in n organism
Why is cell division essential?
To allow organisms to grow and repair
What controls cell division.
The nucleus
What is cancer?
An uncontrolled division of cells
What are chromosomes?
Thread like structures that carry genetic indoor action which determine the correct function and structure of every cell in an organism
How many chromosomes are in normal human body cells?
46
How many pairs of chromosomes are in normal human body cells?
2
How many chromosomes are in a gamete?
23
How many pairs of chromosomes are in a gamete?
1
What is mitosis?
Ten process by which the nucleus of a parent cell divides into two daughter nuclei, each of which receives exactly the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
During mitosis what happens to the number of cells?
It increases
Why is mitosis important?
Mitosis is important as it ensures no genetic info is lost and therefore each of the new daughter cells can grow and develop properly
Write down all the stages of mitosis from memory
What causes causes cancer?
The genetic material (DNA) of a cell becomes damaged producing changes in cell growth and division. When this happens cells do not die as the should and extra cells may form a mass of tissue called a tumour
What is genetic engineering?
The transfer of genes from one organism to another
Write out the stages of genetic engineering