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Biology S3 > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the source of human energy?

A

Food

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1
Q

What do all living cells need energy for?

A 
Muscle contraction 
Growth
Mitosis and cell division
Chemical reactions 
To move materials across the cell membrane
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2
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the process by which this energy is released for use in cells.

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3
Q

What does all food contain?

A

Chemical energy

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4
Q

What is the word equation for chemical energy?

A

Chemical energy ➡️ Heat energy ➕ light energy

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5
Q

What energy do fat, carbohydrate and protein give us?

A
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6
Q

What is respiration without oxygen called?

A

Fermentation / anaerobic respiration

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7
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

A

Yeast: glucose ➡️ ethanol ➕ carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Animal: glucose ➡️ lactic acid

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9
Q

What happens if yeast cells continue to respire anaerobically for a long time?

A

They’ll die

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10
Q

Aerobic respiration table

A
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11
Q

Fermentation / anaerobic respiration table

A
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12
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that occur in a loving organism.

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13
Q

Why is aerobic respiration important?

A

Aerobic respiration is very important as it releases the energy required to build up materials which are essential to life.

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14
Q

What are metabolic processes controlled by?

A

Enzymes

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15
Q

What is respiration a series of?

A

Enzyme controlled chemical reactions

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16
Q

What are enzymes made by?

A

All living cells

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17
Q

What are enzymes function in a cell?

A

Their function in a cell is to speed up a chemical reaction but remain unchanged at the end of the reaction

18
Q

What is enzyme specificity?

A

The substance on which an enzyme acts is called its substrate. Normally an enzyme will only act upon one substrate. This is enzyme specificity

19
Q

Each enzyme has a different…..

A

Shape which is specific to its substrate

20
Q

What two types of reactions can enzymes be involved in for molecules?

A

Synthesis (build up)

Degradation (break down)

21
Q

What is the special shape of an enzyme?

A

Active site

22
Q

What is the equation for starch?

A

Starch ➡️amylase➡️ maltose

Degradation

23
Q

What is the equation for protein?

A

Protein ➡️pepsin➡️ amino Acids

Degradation

24
Q

What is the equation for fat?

A

Fat ➡️lipase➡️ fatty acids and glycerol

Degradation

25
Q

What is the equation for hydrogen peroxide?

A

Hydrogen peroxide ➡️catalase➡️ water and oxygen

Degradation

26
Q

What is the equation for g1p?

A

Glucose-1-phosphate ➡️phosphorylase➡️ starch

Synthesis

27
Q

What can enzymes be used for in bio technological industries?

A
28
Q

What are enzymes used for in other industries?

A

Alcohol

29
Q

What is a control?

A

A control is a copy of the experiment in which all the factors are kept exactly the same except the one being investigated in the original experiment.

30
Q

What do controls allow us to do?

A

Compare results

31
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose ➕ oxygen ➡️➡️ carbon dioxide ➕ water ➕ energy

32
Q

What do we use to measure oxygen uptake by a living organism?

A

A respirometer

33
Q

What 4 areas dies pollution affect?

A

Sea water

Fresh water

Land

Air

34
Q

What are the three main sources of pollution?

A

Agricultural
Industrial
Domestic

35
Q

What are indicator species?

A

Organisms which, by their presence or absence, give an indication of the level of pollution.

36
Q

Give examples of indicator species

A
37
Q

What do micro organisms use organic water for?

A

Food

38
Q

Examples of domestic pollution and impact on biodiversity

A
39
Q

Examples of agricultural pollution and impact on biodiversity

A
40
Q

Examples of industrial pollution and impact on diversity

A
41
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil, and gas

42
Q

What happens when fossil fuels are burned?

A

Sulphur dioxide and other poisonous gases are released into the atmosphere

43
Q

What does acid rain do?

A

Erodes buildings

Changes soil ph

Biology S3 (7 decks)

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