Final Test Flashcards
What is the source of human energy?
Food
What do all living cells need energy for?
Muscle contraction Growth Mitosis and cell division Chemical reactions To move materials across the cell membrane
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process by which this energy is released for use in cells.
What does all food contain?
Chemical energy
What is the word equation for chemical energy?
Chemical energy ➡️ Heat energy ➕ light energy
What energy do fat, carbohydrate and protein give us?
What is respiration without oxygen called?
Fermentation / anaerobic respiration
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Yeast: glucose ➡️ ethanol ➕ carbon dioxide
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Animal: glucose ➡️ lactic acid
What happens if yeast cells continue to respire anaerobically for a long time?
They’ll die
Aerobic respiration table
Fermentation / anaerobic respiration table
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that occur in a loving organism.
Why is aerobic respiration important?
Aerobic respiration is very important as it releases the energy required to build up materials which are essential to life.
What are metabolic processes controlled by?
Enzymes
What is respiration a series of?
Enzyme controlled chemical reactions
What are enzymes made by?
All living cells
What are enzymes function in a cell?
Their function in a cell is to speed up a chemical reaction but remain unchanged at the end of the reaction
What is enzyme specificity?
The substance on which an enzyme acts is called its substrate. Normally an enzyme will only act upon one substrate. This is enzyme specificity
Each enzyme has a different…..
Shape which is specific to its substrate
What two types of reactions can enzymes be involved in for molecules?
Synthesis (build up)
Degradation (break down)
What is the special shape of an enzyme?
Active site
What is the equation for starch?
Starch ➡️amylase➡️ maltose
Degradation
What is the equation for protein?
Protein ➡️pepsin➡️ amino Acids
Degradation
What is the equation for fat?
Fat ➡️lipase➡️ fatty acids and glycerol
Degradation
What is the equation for hydrogen peroxide?
Hydrogen peroxide ➡️catalase➡️ water and oxygen
Degradation
What is the equation for g1p?
Glucose-1-phosphate ➡️phosphorylase➡️ starch
Synthesis
What can enzymes be used for in bio technological industries?
What are enzymes used for in other industries?
Alcohol
What is a control?
A control is a copy of the experiment in which all the factors are kept exactly the same except the one being investigated in the original experiment.
What do controls allow us to do?
Compare results
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose ➕ oxygen ➡️➡️ carbon dioxide ➕ water ➕ energy
What do we use to measure oxygen uptake by a living organism?
A respirometer
What 4 areas dies pollution affect?
Sea water
Fresh water
Land
Air
What are the three main sources of pollution?
Agricultural
Industrial
Domestic
What are indicator species?
Organisms which, by their presence or absence, give an indication of the level of pollution.
Give examples of indicator species
What do micro organisms use organic water for?
Food
Examples of domestic pollution and impact on biodiversity
Examples of agricultural pollution and impact on biodiversity
Examples of industrial pollution and impact on diversity
Fossil fuels
Coal, oil, and gas
What happens when fossil fuels are burned?
Sulphur dioxide and other poisonous gases are released into the atmosphere
What does acid rain do?
Erodes buildings
Changes soil ph
