Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Living Things Characteristics
- Are organized
- Acquire materials and energy
- Reproduce
- Respond to stimuli
- Are homeostatic
- Grow and develop
- Have the capacity to adapt
Homeostatic
The state of balance and stability within an organism
Science of Taxonomy
Classification of living organisms based on similarities
A specific name for an organism, like Homo sapiens or E. coli, represents
the very specific type of organism – bottom of scheme
Hierarchical
from top to bottom
Systematics
is the discipline of indentifying and classifying organisms.
Living organisms are assigned to
groups based upon their similarities.
The highest domains
largest category, recent addition
The 3 domains
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Archaea
ancient “bacteria”, unicellular like bacteria, also simple cell structure (prokaryote – no nucleus) but have distinct metabolism (chemistry) allowing them to exist in “extreme” environments
Bacteria
unicellular, prokaryote, found everywhere
Eukarya
unicellular to multicellular, complex and organized cells with nuclei and organelles (mitochondria)
Archaea are
single- celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus. No membrane
Archaea can be found
in environments that are too hostile for other life forms.
Bacteria are
single- celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus
Bacteria are found
almost everywhere on the planet Earth.
The cells of all eukaryotes have
have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Members of the Domain Eukarya are further categorized into
one of four Kingdoms.
The Four Kingdoms
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Categories of Classifications in Order
Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Protista
Protozoans like Ameba and Paramecium (producers and consumers)
Fungi
yeasts, molds, mushrooms (consumers)
Plants
complex producers, trees, grasses
Animals
complex consumers
Biosphere
The zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth where living organisms are found.
Population
(groups of individuals of a species in a given area)
Community
(populations of different species that interact)
Ecosystem
(interactions of communities plus the physical habitat)
96% of the body made up of what?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
The Human Body Levels of Organization
Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organs Systems, Human
In living organisms, atoms interact to form
molecules
In living organisms, molecules interact to form
cells
Cells interact to form
tissues
Tissues are
cells that work together to perform a specific function
The entire body is composed of four major types of tissue:
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Tissues interact to form
organs
Organs interact to form
organ systems
An organ system is
a collection of organs that work together
Organ systems interact to form
organisms (us in this instance!)
