Module 4.2 Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are carbohydrates?
A class of biomolecules ranging from small sugar molecules to large molecules called such as starch.
Large carbohydrate molecules are called
polysaccharides
Small carbohydrate molecules are called
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates are important to a
healthy body
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.
Where are simple carbohydrates found?
- Fruits
- Milk
- Vegetables
Where are complex carbohydrates found?
- Bread
- Legumes
- Rice
- Starchy vegetables
What do complex carbohydrates provide?
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Fiber
What atoms make up carbohydrates?
C, H, and O atoms.
What are the four main functions of carbohydrates?
- Fuel
- Building blocks
- Tag cells (like markers)
- Storage
How do carbohydrates function as fuel?
They are used as a source of energy to make ATP.
What is carb loading?
The practice of consuming carbohydrates to increase energy reserves before a long run.
What structural role do carbohydrates play in plants?
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, providing shape and protection.
What is the simple sugar that makes up DNA?
Deoxyribose.
Red blood cells in your body have specific
carbohydrates (attached to proteins) on the outside
The specific carbohydrates in red blood cells are used by
other cells for identification
Carbohydrates are also added to structures within organisms to
change, tag, or mark that molecule
How do carbohydrates tag cells?
They are added to structures within organisms to change, tag, or mark molecules.
What is storage?
a function of carbohydrates
Storage in carbohydrates can be
short- or long-term
What is glycogen?
A form of short-term energy storage in animals.
What is starch?
A form of long-term energy storage in plants.
Carbohydrate molecules are classified by
the number of monomers / subunits / building blocks that compose them
Monosaccharides are classified by the
number of monomers that compose them.
What are monosaccharides?
Monomers, the Building blocks of carbohydrates. Are the simplest carbohydrates
What is the formula for monosaccharides?
CₓH₂ₓOₓ.
Monosaccharides are the simplest
carbohydrates
Monosaccharides can exist as
linear or ring structures
What is the most common simple sugar?
Glucose.
Name five monosaccharides you need to know (most common).
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
(get to know what these look like!)
What are disaccharides?
Two monosaccharides joined together by a dehydration reaction.
What is maltose?
A disaccharide of two glucose molecules.
What is sucrose?
A disaccharide of a glucose and a fructose molecule.
Name two disaccharides you need to know.
- Sucrose
- Lactose
(Know what they look like!)
What are polysaccharides?
Many monosaccharides together, typically in long chains with some branching.
Name three polysaccharides you need to know.
- Cellulose
- Starch
- Glycogen
(memorize what they look like)
Poly means
“many”
How are carbohydrates broken down?
During a hydrolysis reaction by adding water to break bonds.
