Module 6.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards
What do cells need to do in order to stay alive?
Replace worn-out organelles and biomolecules and make new ones.
What is the primary energy molecule used by cells?
ATP
How do cells obtain ATP?
By breaking down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins that they have eaten or made
There is a continuous cycle of breaking down biomolecules to release
energy, captured as ATP
What waste products are produced during cellular respiration?
- H2O
- CO2
- Ammonia
ATP contains
Stored energy used to do the work of the cell.
What is ADP?
A molecule with no stored energy that must be recharged to ATP before it can do work.
How many phosphates are attached to ATP?
3 phosphates
How many phosphates are attached to ATP?
2phosphates
What is the bond between the second and third phosphate in ATP called?
High energy bond
Mechanical work involves
beating of cilia or muscle contraction?
Transport work involves
Transporting molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient
Chemical work involves
Making molecules such as lipids or proteins
What is catabolism?
Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones.
What is cellular respiration?
A catabolic process breaking down glucose to carbon dioxide and water, producing ATP.
The fundamental function of cellular respiration is to generate
ATP
Reduction reactions means youre
gaining or losing an electron
What are enzymes?
Proteins that can speed up a chemical reaction.
What is an active site?
The region of an enzyme where a chemical reaction occurs.
What is the role of enzymes in biochemical pathways?
Each enzyme does its one job and passes the product to the next enzyme.
What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP.
What is produced from glucose during cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
What are the steps of cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
What does glycolysis mean?
Splitting glucose.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm.
What does glycolysis produce?
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
What occurs during the preparatory step of cellular respiration?
Conversion of 2 pyruvates into 2 acetyl CoA.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
What is produced during the citric acid cycle?
- 2 ATP
- 6 NADH
- 2 FADH2
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain?
They give up their hydrogens to proteins which transport these H+ ions.
What does oxidative phosphorylation produce?
ATP.
How many ATP are produced from glycolysis and fermentation combined?
2 ATP.
How many ATP does cellular respiration produce per glucose?
32 ATP.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
The process where pyruvate and NADH produce lactic acid and regenerate NAD+.
True or False: Fermentation produces ATP.
False
What is the main purpose of fermentation?
To regenerate NAD+ in the absence of oxygen.
In terms of efficiency, how much more ATP does cellular respiration produce compared to fermentation?
19 times more.
