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history > Unit 1 test > Flashcards

Unit 1 test Flashcards

1
Q

conservative (right)

A

Favoring free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas. Tends to favor limited government, accepts social inequalities, and emphasizes personal freedom.

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2
Q

liberal (left)

A

A supporter of policies that are socially progressive (in favor of change) and promote social welfare. Tends to favor more government control and equality in society and economy.

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3
Q

political ideology

A

a set of beliefs that forms the basis of how an individual, a group, or a social class views the world and the proper role of government.

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4
Q

democrats are usually associated with being _______.

A

liberal

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5
Q

republicans are usually associated with being ________.

A

conservative

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6
Q

democracy - basic info

A
  • ppl vote on leaders and decisions, based on majority rule
  • elect people to make decisions on their behalf
  • political parties
  • ppl have the power and rights
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7
Q

authoritarianism - basic info

A
  • government has the power and control over peoples’ lives
  • monitor lives of citizens
  • limit access to information (media, etc)
  • often manipulate elections
  • strong military/police force
  • often secret police
  • rule with fear
  • ruler becomes symbol of nation - idolized, cult of personality
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8
Q

types of democracy

A

representative democracy (US), direct democracy (ancient Athens), constitutional monarchy

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9
Q

types of authoritarianism

A

totalitarianism/dictatorship (Nazi Germany, Cambodia, North Korea), military junta/military dictatorship (Chile), absolute monarchy, communism, fascism

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10
Q

advantages of democracy

A
  • ppl choose leaders
  • power and voice in hands of ppl
  • checks on government power
  • free press, individual court system
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11
Q

advantages of authoritarianism

A
  • decisions/actions made faster
  • no one speaks against gov’t
  • individuals don’t have to make decisions
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12
Q

disadvantages of democracy

A
  • takes time to make decisions b/c lots of opinions
  • majority rules so some voices not heard
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13
Q

disadvantages of authoritarianism

A
  • citizens don’t have a voice
  • citizens lack ind. rights and freedoms
  • one leader has all control
  • might be more susceptible to revolution
  • risk of failure
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14
Q

command economy - basic info

A
  • gov’t makes decisions (what to make, how, who buys)
  • gov’t decides how much to make - controls factories
  • gov’t owns land
  • no private ownership
  • no competition
  • gov’t sets prices
  • central plan and goals
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15
Q

command economy - advantages

A
  • Efficient b/c few choices
  • Can meet goals b/c gov’t has full control and gov’t sets plan
  • Community works together
  • Even distribution of wealth - equality
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16
Q

command economy - disadvantages

A

• Little innovation - don’t take risks
• Likely inefficient
• May not meet consumer needs -> black market
• Consumers have little choice

17
Q

market economy - basic info

A

• Supply and demand are central
• Individuals own businesses and make decisions (what to make, how, price)
• Competition influences products and prices
• Individual freedom
• Goal = make profit

18
Q

market economy - advantages

A
  • Not controlled - encourages innovation and individualism
  • Lots of choices
19
Q

market economy - disadvantages

A
  • Unequal access to goods, etc.
  • Businesses might fail
  • Lack of gov’t oversight might lead to danger/risk for consumer or workers
  • Could lead to monopoly
20
Q

mixed economy - basic info

A

• Gov’t has role in some areas (military, int’l trade, nat’l transportation)
• Gov’t provides safeguards, oversight for safety
• Public and private ownership of businesses/resources
• Protects private property (copyright)
• Individual choice within some limits

21
Q

mixed economy - advantages

A

• Encourages innovation
• Consumer get good value - safety nets
• Goods and services to where needed - less inequality than in market
• Should prevent monopolies b/c gov’t makes sure competition
• Gov’t makes sure consumers have choice

22
Q

mixed economy - disadvantages

A
  • Too much freedom -> some ppl left out (inequality)
  • Could increase nat’l debt
  • Corporations might get too powerful (lobby gov’t for advantage)

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