The Progressive Era Flashcards
progressive era
a time of widespread social, political, and economic reforms to address the ills of society in the US.
1897-1920
immigration
national origins act of 1924
created a quota system that only allowed entry to 2% of the total number of people of each nationality in America.
This information was based of the 1890 national census.
This system favored immigrants from Western Europe and prohibited immigrants from Asia
jane adaams
injustice: immigrant rights, living and working conditions, child labor
ideology: quaker, equality
actions: founded Hull House (settlement house with job opportunities, basic needs, english classes, daycare, young edu. it helped immigrants start life in america, it did not provide housing)
quotas
a fixed share of something that a person or group is entitled to receive
ex: The national origins system created a quota
upton sinclair
injustice: chicago meatpacking industry, dangerous working conditions, exposing market economy
ideology: muckracker (exposing), socialist, Christian, democrat
actions: wrote The Jungle (book exposing bad conditions in meat packing industry, it created a labor reform and ended up helping pass the Food and Drug Act)
muckracker
a person who searches for and tries to expose corruption, scandal, or other wrongdoing. they ‘rake up the muck’ or ‘dig up the dirt’
examples: upton sinclair
labor unions
an organized group of workers, often with shared trade, whose goal it is to protect interests and rights of workers.
skilled labor
highly trained, experienced, and educated part of workforce
unskilled labor
work that does not require experience or intense training
ex: assembly line, factory work
socialism
clara lemlich
injustice: women’s suffrage, worker’s rights (textile factories)
ideology: communist, men and women equal, progressive
action: international ladies’ garment workers union, speech, inspired uprisings and strikes, stirred up trouble in factories = got blacklisted
uprising of 20,000
- strike of garment workers
- in NYC
- better working conditions and wages for women in factories
eugene debs
injustice/ideology: helped unskilled workers, no capitalism, socialist
actions: pullman strike (train workers), founded International Workers of the World (IWW)
knights of labor
labor union for better working conditions
AFL
American Federation of Labor
- organized labor unions
- advocated for skilled workers
- started by samuel gompers
Samuel Gompers
injustice: skilled workers rights
ideology: pro capitalism for fair wages and conditions (negotiating)
actions: founded AFL
Mother Mary Jones
injustice: better working conditions
ideology: socialist, more gov’t oversight, liberal, use voice
actions:
- lead the march of the millchildren (PA to NY)
- helped organized the International Workers of the World (IWW)
- part of the knights of labor (left)
jim crow
booker t. washington
injustice: racism, AA being economically unequal
ideology: economic equality over social equality
actions:
- founded tuskegee university (hands on, not liberal arts, reenforced ideology, all african american)
- published 1901 his autobiography call Up From Slavery
- gave speech to white people at convention called Atlanta Compromise
NAACP
founded by Ida B. Wells-barnett in 1909
WEB DuBois
ideology: more communism, african americans need better traditional education (liberal arts), talented tenth would need community, fight racism now/head on
actions:
founding member of NAACP - - writer for ‘Crisis’
Niagara Movement
- precurser to NAACP
pan africanism
- why should we try to get into a society that doesn’t want us?
- legal work
Niagara Movement
Ida B Wells-Barnett
injustice: civil rights, women’s suffrage, anti lynching, racial equality
ideology: journalist, african american
actions:
founded NAACP in 1909
wrote “Red Record’
- account of murders by lynching
- eye opening book
faced discrimination
- tried to sue a train company
march of 1913
- suffrage parade
- refused to go to back b/c of race
‘Free Speech’
- newspaper
lynching
African person does something or nothing socially not ok, then are killed (mob)
- no gov’t involved or court case
segregation
jim corw laws, separate, discriminate
- the separation of people
assimilation
being the same and blending into the dominant culture/changing yourself
19th amendment
ratified 1920, the right for women to vote
NAWSA
national american women suffrage association
- formed by elizabeth cady stanton, lucy stone, susan b anthony
- combined two groups
- goals: womens suffrage, womens support
actions: winning plan, society plan, helped ratify the 19th amendment
suffrage
the right to vote
alice paul
injustice: gender equality
ideology: quaker, liberal, fight on federal level
actions:
-picketted white house often
- called ‘Silent Sentinals’
- created NWP
- arrested and force fed
- helped pass the 19 amendment
drafted ERA
carrie chapman catt
injustice: women’s suffrage
ideology: liberal, participated in marches, thought gov’t should use power to help women, became Jewish advocate
actions:
- pres. of NAWSA
- created the Winning Plan
- traveled the world to edu
- conventions
- suffrage = state by state basis
- believed we didn’t need ERA
margaret sanger
injustice: women’s health
ideology: nurse, edu/knowledge at body
actions:
- wrote ‘Women Rebel’
- pamphet/book
- abt reproductive health/system
- Cornstock Laws
- postal service cant deliver pamphets bc to riske
New Women
temperance
18th amendment
1919 ratified
Began prohibition
Alcohol illegal in US
trust busting
Sherman Antitrust Act
July 1890 passed by congress
Trusts and monopolies illegal - hard to enforce
conservation
President Teddy Roosevelt
Concerned for envirn.
Inspo. By US naturalists
