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Bio 005 Sierra college > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Chemical level Cellular level - cytology Tissue level - histology

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Organs Organ systems Organisms

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3
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Body’s response removes the stimulus

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4
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Body’s response strengthens the stimulus

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5
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Pleural cavities Mediastinum Pericardial cavity

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6
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Peritoneal Cavity - internal chamber lines by serous membrane/peritoneum Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

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7
Q

Dorsal cavity contains

A

Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity

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8
Q

Ventral cavity contains

A

Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity

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9
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

Left hypochondriac

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10
Q

Where is the rectum?

A

Hypogastric

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11
Q

Where is the sigmoid colon?

A

Left iliac

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12
Q

Where is the appendix?

A

Right iliac

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13
Q

Where is the jejunum?

A

Left lumbar

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14
Q

Where is the ascending Colon?

A

Right lumbar

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15
Q

Where is the transverse colon?

A

Umbilical

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16
Q

Where is the pancreas?

A

Umbilical

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17
Q

Where is the gallbladder?

A

Epigastric

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18
Q

Where is the liver?

A

Right hypochondriac Epigastric

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19
Q

Where is the cecum?

A

Right iliac

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20
Q
A

simple squamous epithelial tissue

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21
Q
A

simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

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22
Q
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue

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23
Q
A

Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue

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24
Q
A

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue

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25
Q
A

stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue

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26
Q
A

stratified columnar epithelial tissue

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27
Q
A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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28
Q
A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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29
Q
A

transitional epithelial tissue

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30
Q

Epithelial tissue in blood vessels

A

Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue

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31
Q

Epithelial tissue in Alveoli

A

Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue

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32
Q

Epithelial tissue in Kidney Tubules

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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33
Q

Epithelial tissue in Digestive Tract

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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34
Q

Epithelium in Upper Airway

A

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

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35
Q

Epithelial tissue in Skin

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Keratinized)

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36
Q

Epithelial Tissue in Urinary Bladder

A

Transitional Epithelium

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37
Q

Epithelial tissue in the Mouth

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Non-keratinized)

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38
Q

Nucleus Functions

A

Command Center

Makes RNA (copies of DNA)

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39
Q

Ribosome Function

A

Reads RNA

Makes proteins

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40
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Tells proteins made by ribosomes “where to go”

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41
Q

Lysosome Function

A

Breaks down proteins into raw materials

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42
Q

Vesicle Function in the Cell

A

Storage

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43
Q

Peroxisome Function

A

Removes Toxins

44
Q

Smooth ER Function

A

Makes Lipids

45
Q

Mitochondria Function

A

Makes ATP

46
Q

Centriole Function

A

Makes Microtubules

47
Q

3 Types of Cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Intermediate Filaments

48
Q

Microtubules

A

are the “roads” of the cell

49
Q

Microfilaments

A

give the plasma membrane shape

50
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

anchored at a certain point on plasma membrane

51
Q

Microvilli

A

increase surface area of membrane

52
Q

Cilia

A

made of microtubules

move substances across cell

53
Q

Glycocalyx

A

carbohydrate

identifies the cell, like its “flag”

54
Q

Cholesterol

A

Keeps the plasma membrane fluid

55
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophilic heads

Hydrophobic tails

Polar Molecules Rejected

Non Polar Molecules Pass Through

56
Q

Simple Diffiusion

A

Non-Polar Molecules Moves Directly Across Membrane

57
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Non-Polar Molecule passes through Integral Protein Channel from a High to Low Concentration

58
Q

Osmosis

A

Water moves across membrane from high concentration to low concentration

59
Q

Carrier Mediated Active Transport

A

Carrier protein uses ATP to move molecule against concentration gradient

60
Q

Vesicular Transport

A

Cell engulfs or expels material through

Endocytosis - phagocytosis (solid), pinocytosis (liquid)

Exocytosis -

61
Q

Membrane Junctions

A

Tight Junction - creates seal

Desmosome - link prevents cell from ripping apart

Gap Junctions - allows molecules to pass through. Quick communication

62
Q

Epithelium Characteristics

A

Apical vs Basal Surfaces

Supported by basement membrane

Avascular

Regenerative

63
Q

Simple Squamous - shape, function, location

A

Shape: Flat

Function: material passes through cell

Location: lungs, kidneys, blood vessels

64
Q

Simple Cuboidal - shape, function, location

A

Shape: cube

Function: tubes make & secrete substances

Location: kidneys & glands

65
Q

Ciliated Simple Columnar - shape, function, location

A

Shape: columnar w/cilia :)

Func: move egg from ovary to uterus

Location: Fallopian tubes

66
Q

Non-ciliated Simple Columnar - shape, function, location

A

Shape: microvilli make “brush border” on apical side

Function: nutrient absorption

Location: digestive system

67
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar - shape, function, location

A

Shape: cilia on apical side

Function: move mucus

Location: Respiratory tract

68
Q

Stratified Columnar & Stratified Cuboidal - shape, function, location

A

Shape: layered, cube or column

Func: make longer, thicker tubes

Location: Glands

69
Q

Stratified Squamous (Keratinized) - shape, function, location

A

Shape: Flat. Stacked. Apical cells don’t have nuclei

Function: waterproof & tough

Location: Skin

70
Q

Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous - shape, function, location

A

Shape: Flat. Layered. Apical cells DO have nuclei

Function: Protection. Smooth Surface.

Location: Inside Mouth

71
Q

Transitional Epithelium - shape, function, location

A

Shape: no order

Function: ability to stretch

Location: Urinary Bladder

72
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Releases substance/hormone into the blood vessel

73
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

Releases substance into the outside environment

Ex: sweat, oil, saliva

74
Q

Goblet Cell

A

Exocrine Gland

Unicellular

W/In Columnar Epithelium

Makes Mucus

75
Q

Acinus

A

Secretory Unit

Connects to duct

76
Q

3 Types of Secretory Units

A

Merocrine - exocytosis

Holocrine - cell detaches & explodes

Apocrine - PART of cell tears & explodes

77
Q

Two Types of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose - areolar, adipose, reticular tissue

OR

Dense - dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

78
Q

Two Types of Fluid Connective Tissue

A

Blood & Lymph

79
Q

Two Types of Supporting Connective Tissue

A

Bone & Cartilage

80
Q

Ground Substance

A

Outside cell

Like the “base” of CT

3 Fibers - collagen, elastic, reticular

81
Q

Areolar - cell type, connective fiber type, func, location

A

Cell Type: Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Masts

Connective Fiber: Collagen, Elastic, Reticular

Function: All Purpose

Location: Everywhere

82
Q

Adipose - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Adipocytes

Connective Fibers: Collagen, Elastic, Reticular (sparse)

Function: Protection, Insulation, Alt. Ingredient for ATP

Location: Everywhere

83
Q

Reticular - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Reticular

Connective Fibers: Reticular

Function: Porous & Provides Shape

Location: Lymphatic System/Lymph Nodes

84
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Fibroblasts

Connective Fibers: Collagen (parallel)

Function: Strength in one direction

Location: Tendons & Ligaments

85
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Fibroblasts

Connective Fibers: Collagen (random order)

Function: Multidirectional Strength & Support

Location: Skin & Surrounding Internal Organs

86
Q

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Fibroblasts

Connective Fibers: Collagen & Elastic

Function: Shock Absorber

Location: Between Vertebrae

87
Q

Elastic Cartilage - Cell Types, Connective Fibers, Function, Location

A

Cell Type: Chondrocytes

Connective Fibers: Collagen & Elastic

Function: Solid & Bendable

Location: Outer Ear/Nose

88
Q
A

Areolar Tissue

89
Q
A

Adipose Tissue

90
Q
A

Reticular Tissue

91
Q
A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

92
Q
A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

93
Q
A

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

94
Q
A

Hyaline Cartilage

95
Q
A

Elastic Cartilage

96
Q
A

Fibrocartilage

97
Q
A

Bone

98
Q
A

Blood

99
Q

Hyaline Cartilage - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Chondrocyte

Conective Fibers: Collagen - No Prominent Fibers Visible

Function - Smooth Surface

Location - Between Bones

100
Q

Elastic Cartilage - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Chondrocytes

Connective Fibers: Collagen & Elastic

Function: Solid/bendable structures

Location: Outer Ear/Nose

101
Q

Fibrocartilage - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cell Type: Chondrocyte

Connective Fibers: Visible Collagen

Function: Resists Compression

Location: Between vertebra

102
Q

Bone - cell type, connective fibers, function, location

A

Cells: Osteocytes

Connective Fibers: Collagen & Calcium (in ECM)

Function: Support for Muscles/Framework of Body

Location: Everywhere

103
Q
A
104
Q

Blood - cell types, coneective fiber, function, location

A

Cells: Formed elements. RBC & WBC

Conective Fibers: Plasma/Water

Function: Transport

Location: Everywhere

105
Q
A
106
Q
A
107
Q
A

Bio 005 Sierra college (15 decks)

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