Unit 1 Terms

Question 1

Multicellular

Answer 1

Living organisms composed of many cells

Question 2

Unicellular

Answer 2

living organisms compose of only one cell

Question 3

Autotrophs

Answer 3

Organisms capable of manufacturing food directly from the abiotic environment

Question 4

Heterotrophs

Answer 4

Organisms that obtain food from the biotic environment by consuming other organisms

Question 5

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 5

Production of offspring from the fusion of two gametes

Question 6

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 6

Production of offspring involving genetic material from only one parent

Question 7

Prokaryotes

Answer 7

Cells that do not contain a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They are not associated with proteins.

Question 8

Eukaryotes

Answer 8

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. They are associated with proteins.

Question 9

Selectively-permeable

Answer 9

Some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer, but others cannot.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 11

Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 11

Substances with a pH greater than 7. They are: Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.

Question 12

Semiconservative

Answer 12

When the nucleotides become unzipped when the hydrogen bonds break apart, the floating strands find a complimentary base to form a new nucleotide. Two identical helixes are formed.

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

A nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

Question 14

Gametes Cells

Answer 14

Reproductive cells that unite to produce a zygote, and have a haploid number of chromosomes.

Question 15

Somatic Cells

Answer 15

All other body cells, and have a diploid number of chromosomes.

Question 16

Haploid

Answer 16

A cell containing a single set of chromosomes (23 total).

Question 17

Diploid

Answer 17

A cell containing two copies of each chromosome (46 total).

Question 18

Parent Cell

Answer 18

Cell which initiates cell division.

Question 19

Daughter Cell

Answer 19

Cells which are the products of cell division.

Question 20

Cell Cycle

Answer 20

Process of controlled growth and division of somatic cells.

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

Division of nucleus into 2 genetically identical nuclei (separation of cells replicated DNA)

Question 22

Cytokenesis

Answer 22

The division of the cytoplasm and the organelles

Question 23

Chromosomes

Answer 23

Threadlike structures made of protein and DNA that serve to carry the genetic information from cell to cell.

Question 24

Centromere

Answer 24

The point where chromatids are in contact.

Question 25

Centrosome

Answer 25

Organelle that consists of two centrioles.

Question 26

What is the chloroplast membrane?

Answer 26

Thylakoid

Question 27

The protein on which DNA wraps itself

Answer 27

Histones

Question 28

Meiosis

Answer 28

Cell division process that produces haploid gametes

Question 29

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 29

A pair of chromosomes that carry the same genes

Question 30

Gene

Answer 30

A segment of DNA that carry the code for a specific person

Question 31

Locus

Answer 31

A specific location of a gene on a chromsome

Question 32

Allele

Answer 32

One form of a gene for a specific trait

Question 33

Zygote

Answer 33

The first cell of a new organism formed by the union of gametes

Question 34

Synapsis

Answer 34

Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 35

Tetrad

Answer 35

Paired set of homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids in two sister chromosomes)

Question 36

Chiasma

Answer 36

Site on a tetrad where chromatids separate and reunite

Question 37

Crossing over

Answer 37

Exchange of chromosomes segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 38

Independent assortment

Answer 38

Homologous chromosomes randomly line up on the metaphase plate leading to genetic variation

Question 39

chromosomal mutations

Answer 39

error that involve entire chromosomes or a large part of a chromosome

Question 40

non disjunction

Answer 40

failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis

Question 41

trisomy

Answer 41

normal haploid gamete fuses with an n+1 gamete, making a zygote with 47 chromosomes

Question 42

monosomy

Answer 42

normal haploid gamete fuses with an n-1 gamete, making a zygote with 45 chromosomes