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Ontario SBI3U Bio > Unit 1 Terms > Flashcards

Unit 1 Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Multicellular

A

Living organisms composed of many cells

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2
Q

Unicellular

A

living organisms compose of only one cell

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3
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms capable of manufacturing food directly from the abiotic environment

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4
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that obtain food from the biotic environment by consuming other organisms

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5
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Production of offspring from the fusion of two gametes

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6
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Production of offspring involving genetic material from only one parent

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7
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Cells that do not contain a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They are not associated with proteins.

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8
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. They are associated with proteins.

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9
Q

Selectively-permeable

A

Some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer, but others cannot.

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10
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

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11
Q

Nitrogenous Bases

A

Substances with a pH greater than 7. They are: Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.

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12
Q

Semiconservative

A

When the nucleotides become unzipped when the hydrogen bonds break apart, the floating strands find a complimentary base to form a new nucleotide. Two identical helixes are formed.

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

A nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

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14
Q

Gametes Cells

A

Reproductive cells that unite to produce a zygote, and have a haploid number of chromosomes.

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15
Q

Somatic Cells

A

All other body cells, and have a diploid number of chromosomes.

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16
Q

Haploid

A

A cell containing a single set of chromosomes (23 total).

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17
Q

Diploid

A

A cell containing two copies of each chromosome (46 total).

18
Q

Parent Cell

A

Cell which initiates cell division.

19
Q

Daughter Cell

A

Cells which are the products of cell division.

20
Q

Cell Cycle

A

Process of controlled growth and division of somatic cells.

21
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of nucleus into 2 genetically identical nuclei (separation of cells replicated DNA)

22
Q

Cytokenesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm and the organelles

23
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures made of protein and DNA that serve to carry the genetic information from cell to cell.

24
Q

Centromere

A

The point where chromatids are in contact.

25
Q

Centrosome

A

Organelle that consists of two centrioles.

26
Q

What is the chloroplast membrane?

A

Thylakoid

27
Q

The protein on which DNA wraps itself

A

Histones

28
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division process that produces haploid gametes

29
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes that carry the same genes

30
Q

Gene

A

A segment of DNA that carry the code for a specific person

31
Q

Locus

A

A specific location of a gene on a chromsome

32
Q

Allele

A

One form of a gene for a specific trait

33
Q

Zygote

A

The first cell of a new organism formed by the union of gametes

34
Q

Synapsis

A

Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

35
Q

Tetrad

A

Paired set of homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids in two sister chromosomes)

36
Q

Chiasma

A

Site on a tetrad where chromatids separate and reunite

37
Q

Crossing over

A

Exchange of chromosomes segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis

38
Q

Independent assortment

A

Homologous chromosomes randomly line up on the metaphase plate leading to genetic variation

39
Q

chromosomal mutations

A

error that involve entire chromosomes or a large part of a chromosome

40
Q

non disjunction

A

failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis

41
Q

trisomy

A

normal haploid gamete fuses with an n+1 gamete, making a zygote with 47 chromosomes

42
Q

monosomy

A

normal haploid gamete fuses with an n-1 gamete, making a zygote with 45 chromosomes

Ontario SBI3U Bio (7 decks)

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