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Ontario SBI3U Bio > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 domains?

A

archaea, bacteria, and eukarya

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2
Q

what kingdom does archaea belong to?

A

Archaebacteria

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3
Q

what kingdom does bacteria belong to?

A

Eubacteria

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4
Q

what kingdom does protists belong to?

A

Protista

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5
Q

which ones are prokaryotes?

A

archaea and bacteria

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6
Q

which ones are eukaryote

A

protist, fungi, animalia, and plants

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7
Q

what number of cells are archaea

A

unicellular

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8
Q

what number of cells are bacteria

A

unicellular

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9
Q

what number of cells are protists

A

most unicellular, some multicellular

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10
Q

what two modes of nutrition can they have?

A

autotroph or heterotroph

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11
Q

what do the bacteria cell walls have in it and what is it’s purpose

A

they have peptidoglycan and it is which is for protection and allows antibiotics to pass through and destroy bacteria

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12
Q

what are the three shapes that classify bacteria

A

coccus:spheres
bacillus: rods
spirillum: spirals

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13
Q

what are the ways bacteria can get its energy

A

either as heterotrophs or as autotrophs

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14
Q

what are common structures in bacteria?

A

capsule
cell wall
membrane
cytoplasm
pili
DNA
plasmid
ribosomes
flagellum

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15
Q

how does bacteria reproduce?

A

asexually by binary fission: chromosome replicating and. the cell dividing
sexually by conjugation: two bacteria for a conjugation bridge between them and DNA is transferred from one to the other

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16
Q

what are differences in archaea from bacteria?

A

archaea live in extreme environments
archaea DO NOT have peptidoglycan

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17
Q

what are the three main groups archaea are divided into based on their habitat?

A

methanogens: live in environments with no oxygen(anaerobic) and obtain energy by changing hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane gas

extreme halophiles: live in very salty water and use the salt to generate ATP

thermoacidophiles: live in extremely hot and acidic water

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18
Q

how do protists reproduce?

A

asexually: undergo fission
sexually: use gamete’s and produce spores

19
Q

how do protists acquire energy?

A

photosynthetic autotroph
chemosynthetic autotroph
heterotroph by ingestion
heterotroph by absorption

20
Q

what type of protists are slime and water moulds?

A

they are fungi-like protists

21
Q

what are the types of plant-like protist and what can they all do?

A

they can all photosynthesize and vary from unicellular to multicellular

dinoflagellates
diatoms
euglenoids ( green due to chloroplast)

22
Q

what are the characteristics of all animal-like protists?

A

heterotrophs
lack cell walls
live in aquatic environments

23
Q

what are the different types of animal-like protists?

A

ciliates: move by beating cilia
sporozoa: non-motile (don’t move)
flagellates: move by flagellae
sarcodines: use pseudopodia to move

24
Q

what are the three commonly used species concepts?

A

morphological- physical appearance and characteristics of an organism

biological- if two organisms can interbreed and produced viable, fertile offspring

phylogenetic- evolutionary history of organisms

25
why do we classify species?
to accurately and uniformly name them prevents duplicated names prevents misnomers shows evolutionary relationships
26
what is taxonomy?
the branch of biology dealing with the classification and naming of biological organisms
27
what is binomial nomenclature?
a two part naming system the first word is the genus, followed by the species name
28
why is binomial nomenclature used and why in Latin?
for scientists speaking different languages to communicate clearly as these names are universal so no two species have the same scientific name
29
what is the hierarchical classification system order?
life domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
30
What kingdom do fungi belong to
Fungi
31
What kingdom do animals belong to
Animalia
32
What kingdom do plants belong to
Plant
33
What are general characteristics of fungi
Heterotrophs Eukaryotes Cell walls Absorbs food from hyphae Use spores to reproduce Need warm, moist place to grow
34
How do fungi reproduce
Sexually: hyphae intertwine and genetic material is exchanged, and the offspring is dispersed through spores Asexually: budding is when unicellular fungi reproduce and produce an inextricable offspring. Fragmentation is when parts of a fungi break off and then produces a whole new one
35
What are the 5 types of fungi
Threadlike : mold Sac fungi : largest group including yeast and truffles, when they reproduce sexually they for a sac called an ascus, yeast reproduce through budding Club fungi : most familiar, contain special hyphae Imperfect fungi : penicillium Lichens : combo of fungi and algae, they are mutualistic
36
What is the role of fungi in nature
They are decomposers Used as bakers yeast, brewers yeast, blue cheese and for mushrooms Penicillium makes penicillin(disease fighting) Cause yeast infections and athletes foot, which can be treated only with fungicide Mycorrhizae have a symbiotic relationship living on plant roots with fungus
37
What two broad groups is the Animalia kingdom separated into
Invertebrates (majority of animals) : don’t have a backbone Vertebrates : have a notochord(premature spinal cord) for at least part of their life cycle
38
What are the characteristics used to classify animals
Body organization (organized tissues into organs, organ systems etc) Body layers: ectoderm (skin, nervous system) OUTER Mesoderm (circulatory system) MIDDLE endoderm (lining of body cavity) INNER Body symmetry: radial-more than 2 equal parts Bilateral- 2 sides are the same Digestive tract: one opening, or two openings (mouth and anus) Coleen: fluid filled body cavity, is a body cavity present (counts as animal), absent(does not count as animal) or partially formed(counts as animal)
39
What is the Phylum Porifera - sponges
Habitat: live in salt water Have a porous body, where floating food particles are caught in Adult sponges are sessile (non moving) feeders They are asymmetrical and hav no definite shape
40
What is the phylum Coelenterata - jellyfish, hydras, corals
Habitat: marine Body walls: 2 layers of the ectoderm and endoderm Digestive system: incomplete with 1 opening Symmetry: radial
41
What is the phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms (tapeworms)
Habitat: fresh and salt water, terrestrial Body: flattened body with 3 layers of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm Digestive system:incomplete with 1 opening Symmetry: bilateral
42
What is the phylum Nematoda - roundworms
Habitat: fresh and salt water, terrestrial Body:long, smooth, and unsegmented. three layers of endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm Digestive system: complete with 2 openings Symmetry: bilateral
43
What is the phylum Annelida - segmented worms (earthworms)
Habitat: everywhere Body: segmented body that is long and smooth Digestive system: complete Symmetry: bilateral
44
What is the phylum Arthropoda: spiders, insects **most successful group**
Habitat: all environments Body: segmented body, usually divided into a head, abdomen, and thorax Exoskeleton: body skeleton is on the outside to protect soft inside symmetry: bilateral

Ontario SBI3U Bio (7 decks)

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