Biodiversity

Question 1

what are the 3 domains?

Answer 1

archaea, bacteria, and eukarya

Question 2

what kingdom does archaea belong to?

Answer 2

Archaebacteria

Question 3

what kingdom does bacteria belong to?

Answer 3

Eubacteria

Question 4

what kingdom does protists belong to?

Answer 4

Protista

Question 5

which ones are prokaryotes?

Answer 5

archaea and bacteria

Question 6

which ones are eukaryote

Answer 6

protist, fungi, animalia, and plants

Question 7

what number of cells are archaea

Answer 7

unicellular

Question 8

what number of cells are bacteria

Answer 8

unicellular

Question 9

what number of cells are protists

Answer 9

most unicellular, some multicellular

Question 10

what two modes of nutrition can they have?

Answer 10

autotroph or heterotroph

Question 11

what do the bacteria cell walls have in it and what is it’s purpose

Answer 11

they have peptidoglycan and it is which is for protection and allows antibiotics to pass through and destroy bacteria

Question 12

what are the three shapes that classify bacteria

Answer 12

coccus:spheres
bacillus: rods
spirillum: spirals

Question 13

what are the ways bacteria can get its energy

Answer 13

either as heterotrophs or as autotrophs

Question 14

what are common structures in bacteria?

Answer 14

capsule
cell wall
membrane
cytoplasm
pili
DNA
plasmid
ribosomes
flagellum

Question 15

how does bacteria reproduce?

Answer 15

asexually by binary fission: chromosome replicating and. the cell dividing
sexually by conjugation: two bacteria for a conjugation bridge between them and DNA is transferred from one to the other

Question 16

what are differences in archaea from bacteria?

Answer 16

archaea live in extreme environments
archaea DO NOT have peptidoglycan

Question 17

what are the three main groups archaea are divided into based on their habitat?

Answer 17

methanogens: live in environments with no oxygen(anaerobic) and obtain energy by changing hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane gas

extreme halophiles: live in very salty water and use the salt to generate ATP

thermoacidophiles: live in extremely hot and acidic water

Question 18

how do protists reproduce?

Answer 18

asexually: undergo fission
sexually: use gamete’s and produce spores

Question 19

how do protists acquire energy?

Answer 19

photosynthetic autotroph
chemosynthetic autotroph
heterotroph by ingestion
heterotroph by absorption

Question 20

what type of protists are slime and water moulds?

Answer 20

they are fungi-like protists

Question 21

what are the types of plant-like protist and what can they all do?

Answer 21

they can all photosynthesize and vary from unicellular to multicellular

dinoflagellates
diatoms
euglenoids ( green due to chloroplast)

Question 22

what are the characteristics of all animal-like protists?

Answer 22

heterotrophs
lack cell walls
live in aquatic environments

Question 23

what are the different types of animal-like protists?

Answer 23

ciliates: move by beating cilia
sporozoa: non-motile (don’t move)
flagellates: move by flagellae
sarcodines: use pseudopodia to move

Question 24

what are the three commonly used species concepts?

Answer 24

morphological- physical appearance and characteristics of an organism

biological- if two organisms can interbreed and produced viable, fertile offspring

phylogenetic- evolutionary history of organisms

Question 25

why do we classify species?

Answer 25

to accurately and uniformly name them
prevents duplicated names
prevents misnomers
shows evolutionary relationships

Question 26

what is taxonomy?

Answer 26

the branch of biology dealing with the classification and naming of biological organisms

Question 27

what is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 27

a two part naming system
the first word is the genus, followed by the species name

Question 28

why is binomial nomenclature used and why in Latin?

Answer 28

for scientists speaking different languages to communicate clearly as these names are universal

so no two species have the same scientific name

Question 29

what is the hierarchical classification system order?

Answer 29

life
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 30

What kingdom do fungi belong to

Answer 30

Fungi

Question 31

What kingdom do animals belong to

Answer 31

Animalia

Question 32

What kingdom do plants belong to

Answer 32

Plant

Question 33

What are general characteristics of fungi

Answer 33

Heterotrophs
Eukaryotes
Cell walls
Absorbs food from hyphae
Use spores to reproduce
Need warm, moist place to grow

Question 34

How do fungi reproduce

Answer 34

Sexually: hyphae intertwine and genetic material is exchanged, and the offspring is dispersed through spores
Asexually: budding is when unicellular fungi reproduce and produce an inextricable offspring.
Fragmentation is when parts of a fungi break off and then produces a whole new one

Question 35

What are the 5 types of fungi

Answer 35

Threadlike : mold
Sac fungi : largest group including yeast and truffles, when they reproduce sexually they for a sac called an ascus, yeast reproduce through budding
Club fungi : most familiar, contain special hyphae
Imperfect fungi : penicillium
Lichens : combo of fungi and algae, they are mutualistic

Question 36

What is the role of fungi in nature

Answer 36

They are decomposers

Used as bakers yeast, brewers yeast, blue cheese and for mushrooms

Penicillium makes penicillin(disease fighting)

Cause yeast infections and athletes foot, which can be treated only with fungicide

Mycorrhizae have a symbiotic relationship living on plant roots with fungus

Question 37

What two broad groups is the Animalia kingdom separated into

Answer 37

Invertebrates (majority of animals) : don’t have a backbone

Vertebrates : have a notochord(premature spinal cord) for at least part of their life cycle

Question 38

What are the characteristics used to classify animals

Answer 38

Body organization (organized tissues into organs, organ systems etc)

Body layers: ectoderm (skin, nervous system) OUTER
Mesoderm (circulatory system) MIDDLE
endoderm (lining of body cavity) INNER

Body symmetry: radial-more than 2 equal parts
Bilateral- 2 sides are the same

Digestive tract: one opening, or two openings (mouth and anus)

Coleen: fluid filled body cavity, is a body cavity present (counts as animal), absent(does not count as animal) or partially formed(counts as animal)

Question 39

What is the Phylum Porifera - sponges

Answer 39

Habitat: live in salt water
Have a porous body, where floating food particles are caught in
Adult sponges are sessile (non moving) feeders
They are asymmetrical and hav no definite shape

Question 40

What is the phylum Coelenterata - jellyfish, hydras, corals

Answer 40

Habitat: marine
Body walls: 2 layers of the ectoderm and endoderm
Digestive system: incomplete with 1 opening
Symmetry: radial

Question 41

What is the phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms (tapeworms)

Answer 41

Habitat: fresh and salt water, terrestrial
Body: flattened body with 3 layers of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Digestive system:incomplete with 1 opening
Symmetry: bilateral

Question 42

What is the phylum Nematoda - roundworms

Answer 42

Habitat: fresh and salt water, terrestrial
Body:long, smooth, and unsegmented. three layers of endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
Digestive system: complete with 2 openings
Symmetry: bilateral

Question 43

What is the phylum Annelida - segmented worms (earthworms)

Answer 43

Habitat: everywhere
Body: segmented body that is long and smooth
Digestive system: complete
Symmetry: bilateral

Question 44

What is the phylum Arthropoda: spiders, insects
most successful group

Answer 44

Habitat: all environments
Body: segmented body, usually divided into a head, abdomen, and thorax
Exoskeleton: body skeleton is on the outside to protect soft inside
symmetry: bilateral