Unit 1 Subtopic 1 - eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Question 1

What defines a prokaryotic cell + how does it reproduce?

Answer 1

Pro rhymes with No.
No membrane bound organelles, No nucleus. It is single celled. It splits into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 2

What defines a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Eu rhymes with new.
It has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. It is mulit/ uni-cellular.

Question 3

What are monomers?

Answer 3

“Building Blocks”
- Atoms that bind together and from complex structures.

Question 4

What are the four biomolecules?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acid

Question 5

Explain Carbohydrates

Answer 5

fast source of energy.

Question 6

Explain Lipids + what they are made out of

Answer 6

long-term source of energy
Made out of Glycerol and Fatty Acid

Question 7

Explain Proteins + what they are made out of

Answer 7

acts as enzymes, made up of amino acids

Question 8

Explain Nucleic Acid

Answer 8

DNA, RNA, nucleotide

Question 9

Explain the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 9

It states that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. (the mitochondria + chloroplasts (aerobic bacteria) were ingested by larger anaerobic bacteria

Question 10

State some similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Answer 10

Both have DNS, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane and genetic material.

Question 11

Compare plant + animal cells.
(consumption/energy +complexity)

Answer 11

Plant cells are less complex and have a cell wall + central vacuoles however animal cells do not. For consumption to create energy, plant cells have chloroplasts constructing them to perform photosynthesis to absorb sunlight and produce glucose (sugar). Plant cells are designed to rely on the consumption of the animal for energy.