unit 1 - social development

Question 1

What are the types of play?

Answer 1

-onlooker
-solitary
-parallel
-associative
-co-operative

Question 2

Whats solitary/solo/independent play?

Answer 2

=0-2 yrs
=children play alone w/ rattles and balls and dont attempt to play with others

Question 3

Whats parallel play?

Answer 3

=2-3 yrs
=children play next to eachother but play by themselves

Question 4

whats co-operative play?

Answer 4

= 3 yrs +
=children share and talk with eachother

Question 5

When do you start to form close friendships and what do they do for a person?

Answer 5

= from 3 yrs
=gives security
=promotes independence
=increases self-esteem

Question 6

what do wider friendships do for a person?

Answer 6

= gives more independence
=more confident
=positive social development
=adolescence can be influenced by friends

Question 7

What are the three types of relationships?

Answer 7

= formal
=informal
=intimate

Question 8

Formal relationships develop between who?

Answer 8

they develop between non-related individuals
=colleagues
=doctors
=teachers

Question 9

What are formal relationships good for?

Answer 9

important for good self-image and esteem

Question 10

Informal relationships develop between who?

Answer 10

between family and significant people
=family
=friends

Question 11

What are informal relationships good for?

Answer 11

=promote contentment
=improve confidence
=influence other relationships forming

Question 12

intimate relationships develop between who?

Answer 12

=can begin in adolescence
=gf
=bf
husband
wife

Question 13

What are intimate relationships good for?

Answer 13

=good contentment
=emotional security
=positive self-image

Question 14

Whats involved with a healthy relationship?

Answer 14

=trust
=respect
=honesty
=reliability

Question 15

What’s involved with an unhealthy relationship?

Answer 15

=stress
=dishonesty
=distrust
=controlling

Question 16

independence definition?

Answer 16

doing things for oneself and making decisions without relying on others

Question 17

independence in infancy?

Answer 17

=depends on others for care

Question 18

independence in early childhood?

Answer 18

=develops skills to become more independent
=develops likes and dislikes

Question 19

independence in adolescence?

Answer 19

=enjoys more freedom
=can make decisions
=takes responsibility for own actions but can be influenced

Question 20

independence in early adulthood?

Answer 20

=makes decisions on personal life and career
=starting a family

Question 21

independence in middle adulthood?

Answer 21

=increased freedom (children leave home)
=becomes more independent

Question 22

independence in later adulthood?

Answer 22

=continues to make own decisions
=changes in mental and physical state may prevent from making own decisions

Question 23

negative behaviours due to peer pressure?

Answer 23

-smoking
-drugs
-bullying
-stealing

Question 24

positive behaviours due to peer pressure?

Answer 24

-studying
-new skills
-sports

Question 25

Whats Gessel maturation theory?

Answer 25

-development is genetically determined from birth
-children follow the same orderly sequence in development
-pace of development may vary depending on physical and intellectual development

Question 26

How did Gessel come up with his maturation theory?

Answer 26

-gessel observed behaviours of many children
-he then determined averages = milestones

Question 27

Strengths of maturation theory?

Answer 27

-his milestones are still used today

Question 28

weaknesses of maturation theory?

Answer 28

-didnt consider the influence of different cultures
-he believed the norms he created were desirable

Question 29

Whats the social learning theory main aim?

Answer 29

that learning of behaviours happen through observing and imitating others behaviours

Question 30

What are the four principles of the social learning theory?

Answer 30

A- attention- the behaviour need to get the attention of the individual
R- retention- the behaviour has to be retained and remembered
M- motor reproduction- the behaviour must be able to be reproduced
M- motivation- the person must be motivated to copy the behaviour

Question 31

reinforcement?

Answer 31

to encourage a behaviour to continue

Question 32

vicarious reinforcement?

Answer 32

a child is more likely to copy a persons behaviour if seeing they have been praised for it

Question 33

BoBo doll experiment?

Answer 33

-bandura
=children were shown either an adult being aggressive to a bobo doll . non-aggressive or not shown a model
=the children were then observed on their behaviour towards a bobo doll

=the children shown aggressive model were more likely to be aggressive
=boys more aggressive than girls

Question 34

classical conditioning?

Answer 34

learning through association

Question 35

example of classical conditioning?

Answer 35

• pavlovs dog

Question 36

operant conditioning?

Answer 36

learning through rewards and punishments

Question 37

example of operant conditioning?

Answer 37

• skinners rat experiment