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health and social > unit 1 - physical development > Flashcards

unit 1 - physical development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 principles of growth?

A
  1. growth rates arent constant
    2.different parts of the body grow at different rates
    3.growth rates are different between children
  2. boys normally have a faster growth rate
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2
Q

Ways of measuring growth?

A
  • head circumference
    -height
    -weight
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3
Q

definition of growth?

A

an increase in size (length,height,weight)

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4
Q

What are the life stages and their height?

A
  1. infancy ( 0-2 )
  2. Early Childhood ( 3 - 8 )
  3. Adolescence ( 9 - 18 )
  4. Early adulthood ( 19- 45 )
  5. Middle adulthood ( 45 - 65 )
  6. Later adulthood ( 65+ )
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5
Q

definition of development ?

A

the acquisition of skills and abilities

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6
Q

What are the areas of development?

A
  • physical development
    -intellectual development
    -emotional development
    -social development
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7
Q

Examples of physical development?

A

= growth patterns
= puberty
=gross and fine motor skills
=mobility

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8
Q

Examples of intellectual development?

A

= memory
=language
=creativity
=problem solving

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9
Q

Examples of emotional development?

A

=feelings
=identity
=self-esteem
=attachments
=self-image

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10
Q

Examples of social development?

A

=relationships
=communication

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11
Q

How is development observed?

A

through milestones

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12
Q

Definition of gross motor skills?

A

skills that develop using large muscles
eg.arms,legs,torso

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13
Q

Examples of gross motor skills in infancy?

A
  • crawling
    -cruising
    -pulling
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14
Q

Examples of gross motor skills?

A

-crawling
-walking
-jumping
-skipping
-climbing
-running

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15
Q

Examples of gross motor skills in Early childhood?

A

-balance and walk along a line
-skip with a rope
-ride a bike
-hop on one foot
-throw a ball

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16
Q

Definition of fine motor skills?

A

the ability to make small movements in small muscles in our hands and fingers

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17
Q

Examples of fine motor skills in newborns?

A
  • grasp an adults finger
    -pick up small objects
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18
Q

Examples of fine motor skills in 18 months ?

A
  • build with small blocks
    -use a spoon
    -control a crayon
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19
Q

Examples of fine motor skills in 3 year olds?

A
  • develop a tripod grip
    -use a fork and spoon
    -button buttons
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20
Q

Examples of fine motor skills in 5 year olds?

A

-write their name

21
Q

Activity to help a childs grip?

A

holding a rattle or spoon

22
Q

Activity to help a childs hand-eye-corodination?

A

writing, puzzles

23
Q

Whats pubery?

A
  • when a hormone in the brain send a signal to the pituitary gland which then releases hormones
  • physical changed happen
24
Q

What hormones are released in puberty for boys?

A
  • TESTOSTERNONE
    =produced at the testes
    =stimulates growth of penis, pubic hair, muscles and lowers the voice
25
Q

What hormones are released in puberty for girls?

A

OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE
=stimulate growth of breasts
FSH
=matures the egg
LH
=stimulates the release of the egg (ovulation)
PROGESTERONE
=maintains the lining
OESTROGEN
=thickens the lining

26
Q

Definition of primary sexual characteristics?

A
  • relate to sex organs that are there at birth and mature when hormones are released
27
Q

Examples of primary sexual characteristic in girls?

A

-menstruation
-uterus/vagina grows
-ovulation

28
Q

Examples of primary sexual characteristic in boys?

A

-penis enlarges
-production of sperm

29
Q

Definition of secondary sexual characteristics?

A

-develop in puberty
-not related to sex organs or reproduction

30
Q

Examples of secondary sexual characteristics in girls?

A
  • armpit hair
    -pubic hair
    -breasts enlarge
    -hips widen
31
Q

Examples of secondary sexual characteristics in boys?

A

-facial hair
-armpit/chest/pubic hair
-increase in muscles
-voice deepens

32
Q

Whats physical maturation ?

A
  • individuals reach peak physical maturity in early adulthood
    =physical strength and stamina at peak
    =full height reached
    =women most fertile
    =reaction time quickest
33
Q

When does perimenopause happen?

A

40-45 yrs in women

34
Q

The decrease of oestrogen in perimenopause causes?

A
  • hot flushes
    -night sweats
    -mood swings
35
Q

Symptoms of perimenopause?

A

=period changes
=night sweats
=weight change
=sleep problems

36
Q

How long is pregnancy and what are the stages?

A
  • 40 weeks
    first trimester= week 1-12
    second trimester= week 13-27
    third trimester= 28-40
37
Q

How long does foetal development take and what are the stages?

A
  • 38 weeks
    -germinal stage= weeks 2-4
    -embryonic stage= weeks 4-9
    =foetal stage= week 10=-birth
38
Q

Signs of pregnancy?

A

=hormone levels
=weight gain
=belly growth

39
Q

Symptoms of pregnancy?

A

=mood swings
=morning sickness
=swollen feet
=back pain

40
Q

What factors impact mum and foetus?

A

=alcohol =mental state
=smoking =hypothermia
=drugs = lungs
=seizures =placenta

41
Q

Whats foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

When the mother has drank a lot of alcohol during pregnancy

42
Q

Symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

=small head =short nose
=low nasal bridge =thin upperlip
=small eyes
=flat mid face

43
Q

When does the ageing process begin?

A

Middle adulthood

44
Q

Signs of ageing?

A

=greying hair
=loss of strength and stamina
=men lose hair
=loss of height
=women no longer fertile

45
Q

Whats menopause?

A

The ending of menstruation

46
Q

A reduction in oestrogen in menopause causes?

A
  • ovaries stop producing eggs
  • thinning of vagina
  • hot flushes
    -mood swings
47
Q

A reduction of oestrogen and progesterone in menopause causes?

A

= gradually stops menstruation

48
Q

Symptoms of menopause?

A

-headaches
-hot flushes
-skin becomes drier
-backaches

49
Q

Effects of ageing in later adulthood?

A

-less elasticity in skin
-more likely to fall
-weaker immune system
-thinning of hair
-reduction in hearing
-decline in strength
-loss of mobility

health and social (5 decks)

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