unit 1 - physical development Flashcards
What are the 4 principles of growth?
- growth rates arent constant
2.different parts of the body grow at different rates
3.growth rates are different between children - boys normally have a faster growth rate
Ways of measuring growth?
- head circumference
-height
-weight
definition of growth?
an increase in size (length,height,weight)
What are the life stages and their height?
- infancy ( 0-2 )
- Early Childhood ( 3 - 8 )
- Adolescence ( 9 - 18 )
- Early adulthood ( 19- 45 )
- Middle adulthood ( 45 - 65 )
- Later adulthood ( 65+ )
definition of development ?
the acquisition of skills and abilities
What are the areas of development?
- physical development
-intellectual development
-emotional development
-social development
Examples of physical development?
= growth patterns
= puberty
=gross and fine motor skills
=mobility
Examples of intellectual development?
= memory
=language
=creativity
=problem solving
Examples of emotional development?
=feelings
=identity
=self-esteem
=attachments
=self-image
Examples of social development?
=relationships
=communication
How is development observed?
through milestones
Definition of gross motor skills?
skills that develop using large muscles
eg.arms,legs,torso
Examples of gross motor skills in infancy?
- crawling
-cruising
-pulling
Examples of gross motor skills?
-crawling
-walking
-jumping
-skipping
-climbing
-running
Examples of gross motor skills in Early childhood?
-balance and walk along a line
-skip with a rope
-ride a bike
-hop on one foot
-throw a ball
Definition of fine motor skills?
the ability to make small movements in small muscles in our hands and fingers
Examples of fine motor skills in newborns?
- grasp an adults finger
-pick up small objects
Examples of fine motor skills in 18 months ?
- build with small blocks
-use a spoon
-control a crayon
Examples of fine motor skills in 3 year olds?
- develop a tripod grip
-use a fork and spoon
-button buttons
Examples of fine motor skills in 5 year olds?
-write their name
Activity to help a childs grip?
holding a rattle or spoon
Activity to help a childs hand-eye-corodination?
writing, puzzles
Whats pubery?
- when a hormone in the brain send a signal to the pituitary gland which then releases hormones
- physical changed happen
What hormones are released in puberty for boys?
- TESTOSTERNONE
=produced at the testes
=stimulates growth of penis, pubic hair, muscles and lowers the voice
What hormones are released in puberty for girls?
OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE
=stimulate growth of breasts
FSH
=matures the egg
LH
=stimulates the release of the egg (ovulation)
PROGESTERONE
=maintains the lining
OESTROGEN
=thickens the lining
Definition of primary sexual characteristics?
- relate to sex organs that are there at birth and mature when hormones are released
Examples of primary sexual characteristic in girls?
-menstruation
-uterus/vagina grows
-ovulation
Examples of primary sexual characteristic in boys?
-penis enlarges
-production of sperm
Definition of secondary sexual characteristics?
-develop in puberty
-not related to sex organs or reproduction
Examples of secondary sexual characteristics in girls?
- armpit hair
-pubic hair
-breasts enlarge
-hips widen
Examples of secondary sexual characteristics in boys?
-facial hair
-armpit/chest/pubic hair
-increase in muscles
-voice deepens
Whats physical maturation ?
- individuals reach peak physical maturity in early adulthood
=physical strength and stamina at peak
=full height reached
=women most fertile
=reaction time quickest
When does perimenopause happen?
40-45 yrs in women
The decrease of oestrogen in perimenopause causes?
- hot flushes
-night sweats
-mood swings
Symptoms of perimenopause?
=period changes
=night sweats
=weight change
=sleep problems
How long is pregnancy and what are the stages?
- 40 weeks
first trimester= week 1-12
second trimester= week 13-27
third trimester= 28-40
How long does foetal development take and what are the stages?
- 38 weeks
-germinal stage= weeks 2-4
-embryonic stage= weeks 4-9
=foetal stage= week 10=-birth
Signs of pregnancy?
=hormone levels
=weight gain
=belly growth
Symptoms of pregnancy?
=mood swings
=morning sickness
=swollen feet
=back pain
What factors impact mum and foetus?
=alcohol =mental state
=smoking =hypothermia
=drugs = lungs
=seizures =placenta
Whats foetal alcohol syndrome?
When the mother has drank a lot of alcohol during pregnancy
Symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?
=small head =short nose
=low nasal bridge =thin upperlip
=small eyes
=flat mid face
When does the ageing process begin?
Middle adulthood
Signs of ageing?
=greying hair
=loss of strength and stamina
=men lose hair
=loss of height
=women no longer fertile
Whats menopause?
The ending of menstruation
A reduction in oestrogen in menopause causes?
- ovaries stop producing eggs
- thinning of vagina
- hot flushes
-mood swings
A reduction of oestrogen and progesterone in menopause causes?
= gradually stops menstruation
Symptoms of menopause?
-headaches
-hot flushes
-skin becomes drier
-backaches
Effects of ageing in later adulthood?
-less elasticity in skin
-more likely to fall
-weaker immune system
-thinning of hair
-reduction in hearing
-decline in strength
-loss of mobility
