unit 1 - factors Flashcards
what does nature mean?
-based on the idea that children are genetically pre-programmed
-they have inherited skills and abilities and behaviours
what does nurture mean?
-the influence of the environment
-characteristics can be acquired and shaped through experiences
explain the stress diathesis model?
- nature= diathesis= a predisposition to mental disorders due to genetics/ biological factors
2.nurture= stresses= traumatic events
= both of these together lead to a psychological disorder
what can genetic factors impact?
-physical growth
-development
-health
-appearance
how may pairs of chromosomes do you inherit?
23
what genes can arise health conditions?
defective inherited genes
do you need a dominant gene to be passed on by one or both parents to have the condition?
one
do you need a recessive gene to be passed on by one or both parents to have a condition?
both
what does a genetic susceptibility to disease mean and example?
increased likelihood of developing a disease because of a persons genome
can lead to:
-cancer
-diabetes
what can biological factors impact?
development of a living organism
poor lifestyle factors that can impact a foetus?
-poor diet
-drug use
-alcohol use
-smoking
what are the effects of poor lifestyle choices in pregnancy to the foetus?
-low birth rate
-premature birth
-long-term health conditions
-learning disabilities
-defects in the developing foetus
what harm can maternal infections cause to the foetus?
-defects in the developing foetus
-still birth
-miscarriage
symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?
-small head circumference
-neurological issues
-abnormal growth
-development delay
-facial abnormalities
what are congenital anomalies?
defects in the developing foetus
factors that contribute to congenital anomalies?
-genetics= down syndrome
-nutritional= spina bifida
-infections= deafness, health problems
-environmental= abnormal growths from smoking, drugs
what are pollutions and how are they taken into the body?
-they are harmful substances in the atmosphere
-taken in via the nose mouth and skin
conditions caused by pollution?
-respiratory disorders= asthma, lung cancer
- cardiovascular disorders= heart attacks
-allergies= wheezing allergic rashes
health effects of poor housing?
-respiratory issues from mould, and dampness
-anxiety from overcrowding
-hypothermia from no heating
-cardiovascular diseases as of lack of outdoor spaces
issues of service availability are ?
-some drugs are not available in some geographical areas
-restrictions on delivery/service open times
-pressure on services as of increased demand
-waiting times as of lack of specialists
-lack of public transport to take individuals to the service
issues of individual circumstances that prevents access to services?
-mobility difficulties
-learning/communication difficulties
-sensory difficulties
-personal circumstances
what is classed as a dysfunctional family?
-divorced
-members of family do not carry out their responsibilities
-family members are negative towards each other
-sibling rivalry
-abuse
-needs of family members are not met
reasons that dysfunctional families happen?
-parents perpetuate their own dysfunctional up brining
-untreated mental illnesses in family members
-alcohol and drug abuse in family members
effects of parental divorce?
-stress
-isolation
-increased chance of psychological issues
-increased chance of alcohol and drug abuse
-health issues
whats authoritative parenting style?
and what are the children like?
mutual love and respect and children accepted for who they are
=self-controlled, confident, and high self-esteem
whats permissive parenting?
and what are the children like?
parents are indulgent and dont attempt to control behaviour
=self-confident, impulsive and difficulty building friendships
whats authoritarian parenting?
and what are the children like?
parents assert authority , children are controlled
=poor social skills, low self-esteem
whats uninvolved parenting?
and what are the children like?
poor attachment, parents show lack of interest
=low confidence, self-esteem and hide emotions
examples of verbal bullying?
=name calling
=making hurtful comments
=making threats
examples of emotional bullying?
=spreading rumours
=excluding
=stalking
examples of cyber bullying?
=sending hurtful messages
=sharing personal info
=posting inappropriate photos
what are short-term effects of bullying?
-stress / anxiety
- poor self-image
-eating disorders
-low self-esteem
examples of physical bullying?
-kicking
-slapping
-hitting
long term effects of bullying?
-difficulties in forming relationships
-poor academic achievement
-self-harm
-increased risk of suicide
