unit 1 - factors

Question 1

what does nature mean?

Answer 1

-based on the idea that children are genetically pre-programmed
-they have inherited skills and abilities and behaviours

Question 2

what does nurture mean?

Answer 2

-the influence of the environment
-characteristics can be acquired and shaped through experiences

Question 3

explain the stress diathesis model?

Answer 3

1. nature= diathesis= a predisposition to mental disorders due to genetics/ biological factors

2.nurture= stresses= traumatic events

= both of these together lead to a psychological disorder

Question 4

what can genetic factors impact?

Answer 4

-physical growth
-development
-health
-appearance

Question 5

how may pairs of chromosomes do you inherit?

Answer 5

23

Question 6

what genes can arise health conditions?

Answer 6

defective inherited genes

Question 7

do you need a dominant gene to be passed on by one or both parents to have the condition?

Answer 7

one

Question 8

do you need a recessive gene to be passed on by one or both parents to have a condition?

Answer 8

both

Question 9

what does a genetic susceptibility to disease mean and example?

Answer 9

increased likelihood of developing a disease because of a persons genome
can lead to:
-cancer
-diabetes

Question 10

what can biological factors impact?

Answer 10

development of a living organism

Question 11

poor lifestyle factors that can impact a foetus?

Answer 11

-poor diet
-drug use
-alcohol use
-smoking

Question 12

what are the effects of poor lifestyle choices in pregnancy to the foetus?

Answer 12

-low birth rate
-premature birth
-long-term health conditions
-learning disabilities
-defects in the developing foetus

Question 13

what harm can maternal infections cause to the foetus?

Answer 13

-defects in the developing foetus
-still birth
-miscarriage

Question 14

symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 14

-small head circumference
-neurological issues
-abnormal growth
-development delay
-facial abnormalities

Question 15

what are congenital anomalies?

Answer 15

defects in the developing foetus

Question 16

factors that contribute to congenital anomalies?

Answer 16

-genetics= down syndrome
-nutritional= spina bifida
-infections= deafness, health problems
-environmental= abnormal growths from smoking, drugs

Question 17

what are pollutions and how are they taken into the body?

Answer 17

-they are harmful substances in the atmosphere
-taken in via the nose mouth and skin

Question 18

conditions caused by pollution?

Answer 18

-respiratory disorders= asthma, lung cancer
- cardiovascular disorders= heart attacks
-allergies= wheezing allergic rashes

Question 19

health effects of poor housing?

Answer 19

-respiratory issues from mould, and dampness
-anxiety from overcrowding
-hypothermia from no heating
-cardiovascular diseases as of lack of outdoor spaces

Question 20

issues of service availability are ?

Answer 20

-some drugs are not available in some geographical areas
-restrictions on delivery/service open times
-pressure on services as of increased demand
-waiting times as of lack of specialists
-lack of public transport to take individuals to the service

Question 21

issues of individual circumstances that prevents access to services?

Answer 21

-mobility difficulties
-learning/communication difficulties
-sensory difficulties
-personal circumstances

Question 22

what is classed as a dysfunctional family?

Answer 22

-divorced
-members of family do not carry out their responsibilities
-family members are negative towards each other
-sibling rivalry
-abuse
-needs of family members are not met

Question 23

reasons that dysfunctional families happen?

Answer 23

-parents perpetuate their own dysfunctional up brining
-untreated mental illnesses in family members
-alcohol and drug abuse in family members

Question 24

effects of parental divorce?

Answer 24

-stress
-isolation
-increased chance of psychological issues
-increased chance of alcohol and drug abuse
-health issues

Question 25

whats authoritative parenting style?
and what are the children like?

Answer 25

mutual love and respect and children accepted for who they are
=self-controlled, confident, and high self-esteem

Question 26

whats permissive parenting?
and what are the children like?

Answer 26

parents are indulgent and dont attempt to control behaviour
=self-confident, impulsive and difficulty building friendships

Question 27

whats authoritarian parenting?
and what are the children like?

Answer 27

parents assert authority , children are controlled
=poor social skills, low self-esteem

Question 28

whats uninvolved parenting?
and what are the children like?

Answer 28

poor attachment, parents show lack of interest
=low confidence, self-esteem and hide emotions

Question 29

examples of verbal bullying?

Answer 29

=name calling
=making hurtful comments
=making threats

Question 30

examples of emotional bullying?

Answer 30

=spreading rumours
=excluding
=stalking

Question 31

examples of cyber bullying?

Answer 31

=sending hurtful messages
=sharing personal info
=posting inappropriate photos

Question 32

what are short-term effects of bullying?

Answer 32

-stress / anxiety
- poor self-image
-eating disorders
-low self-esteem

Question 33

examples of physical bullying?

Answer 33

-kicking
-slapping
-hitting

Question 34

long term effects of bullying?

Answer 34

-difficulties in forming relationships
-poor academic achievement
-self-harm
-increased risk of suicide