Unit 1 Review (Cell structure, Cell Energy, Cell growth and Division)

Question 1

The Cell theory

Answer 1

1. Cells are made from other cells
2. All organisms are made out of cells
3. The cell is the basic unit of life

Question 2

What does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic does not?

Answer 2

Nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; both have DNA, cytoplasm, and Cell membrane

Question 3

What is the function of the Mitochondrion

Answer 3

Powerhouse of cell; site of cellular respiration

Question 4

When working with the microscopes, if I have the lowest power objective lens (x4) what is the overall magnification?

Answer 4

40 times

Question 5

What is the passive movement of substances across the cell membrane from high to low concentration without the use of a protein?

Answer 5

Diffusion

Question 6

What is the passive movement of substances across the cell membrane from high to low concentration with the use of a protein?

Answer 6

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 7

What is the passive movement of water across the cell membrane from high to low concentration with the use of a protein?

Answer 7

Osmosis

Question 8

Name 3 types of membrane transport that use energy.

Answer 8

Active transport, Exocytosis, Endocytosis

Question 9

When a cell is submerged in a solution with more solutes dissolved in it than in the cell what will happen?

Answer 9

Water will leave the cell and the cell will shrink.

Question 10

When a cell is in a solution where water enters the cell and the cell swells, what type of solution is this called compared to the cell?

Answer 10

Hypotonic (think the “o” in hyp”o”tonic is like the solution with 0 salt in our lab)

Question 11

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 11

Genetic storehouse, makes DNA usable for the rest of the cell, “Brain of the cell”

Question 12

What is the function of the ribosome?

Answer 12

Manufacture or make proteins

Question 13

What is the function of the lysosomes in the animal cell?

Answer 13

Break down worn-out cell parts and protect from bacteria and viruses

Question 14

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 14

Do photosynthesis in plant cells

Question 15

What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Light + CO2 + Water -> Sugar + Oxygen
note, CO2 or Carbon Dioxide is required here, “carbon” is not descriptive enough*

Question 16

What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration?

Answer 16

Sugar + Oxygen -> CO2 + Water + ATP

Question 17

Describe the carbon cycle as it relates to photosynthesis and respiration. How does carbon move from the air to organisms and back to the air? be specific about the forms of carbon at each step.

Answer 17

Carbon Dioxide from the air is used during photosynthesis to make sugars which are stored in the plants. Humans or other animals eat the plants to use the stored sugar and release CO2 back into the air via cellular repiration.

Question 18

What are the 3 major steps in a eukaryotic cell’s life cycle?

Answer 18

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Question 19

What term is defined by the programmed death of a cell?

Answer 19

Apoptosis

Question 20

All animals start from a single cell, how does that single cell become the many different cells of the adult human body?

Answer 20

Cell Differentiation

Question 21

Starting with interphase, what is the order of the cell cycle (including interphase, the 4 steps of mitosis, and interphase)

Answer 21

1.Interphase, 2.Prophase, 3.Metaphase, 4.Anaphase, 5.Telophase, 6.Cytokenisis

Question 22

What happens in prophase?

Answer 22

DNA condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope begins breaking down, centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 23

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 23

Spindle fibers align chromosomes in center of cell

Question 24

What happens in Anaphase?

Answer 24

Chromosomes get pulled apart

Question 25

What happens in Telophase?

Answer 25

Cytokinesis starts, Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes uncoil

Question 26

What is Cytokinesis?

Answer 26

The dividing of the cell’s cytoplasm makes two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 27

If a cancer cell is malignant what might happen?

Answer 27

The tumor may metastasize or spread throughout the body and cause cancer in other parts of the body.

Question 28

If a tumor is not likely to spread throughout the rest of the body, we call it a ________ tumor.

Answer 28

Benign

Question 29

What phase of mitosis is occurring here?

Answer 29

Mitosis

Question 30

What phase of Mitosis is occurring here>

Answer 30

Anaphase

Question 31

In what form do plants store energy?

Answer 31

Sugar or C6H12O6