Chapter 5: Cell Growth and Division

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

the division of the cell nucleus and its contents

Question 3

cytokinesis

Answer 3

the process that divides the cell cytoplasm

Question 4

chromatid

Answer 4

one half of the duplicated chromosome

Question 5

prophase

Answer 5

first phase of mitosis in which chromatin condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes

Question 6

metaphase

Answer 6

second phase of mitosis in which the spindle fibers attach to a protein structure on the centromere of each chromosome, and align the chromosome along the cell equator

Question 7

anaphase

Answer 7

third phase of mitosis in which the spindle fibers begin to shorten and sister chromatids are pulled away from each other towards opposite sides of the cell

Question 8

telophase

Answer 8

final stage of mitosis in which a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, and the nuclear membranes begin to reform.

Question 9

apoptosis

Answer 9

programmed cell death which occurs when internal or external signals activate specific genes

Question 10

cancer

Answer 10

a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

Question 11

benign

Answer 11

tumor type in which the cells typically remain clustered together

Question 12

malignant

Answer 12

tumor type in which the cells can break away or metastasize

Question 13

metastasize

Answer 13

when cells break away and are carried in the bloodstream or lymph system to other parts of the body

Question 14

carcinogens

Answer 14

substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer

Question 15

asexual reproduction

Answer 15

the creation of offspring from a single parent that does not involve the joining of gametes

Question 16

binary fission

Answer 16

asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism by division of two roughly equal parts

Question 17

tissues

Answer 17

groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function

Question 18

organs

Answer 18

groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific or related functions

Question 19

cell differentiation

Answer 19

process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and functions

Question 20

stem cells

Answer 20

unique type of body cell that have the ability to divide and renew themselves for long periods of time, remain undifferentiated, and develop into a variety of specialized cell types