Chapter 4: Energy in Cells Flashcards
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
A lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group
chemosynthesis
process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules
photosynthesis
process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
chlorophyll
a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light
thylakoid
coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments which make up the grana of the chloroplast
light-dependent reactions
reactions which capture energy from sunlight and take place within and across the thylakoid membrane
light-independent reactions
reactions which use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars, and occur in the stroma of the chloroplast
light-independent reactions
reactions which use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars, and occur in the stroma of the chloroplast
cellular respiration
releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present
aerobic
requires oxygen
glycolysis
splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP
anaerobic
does not require oxygen
Krebs cycle
series of reactions which produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration
fermentation
process which does not make ATP, but allows glycolysis to continue without oxygen
