Unit 1 Review Flashcards
What role did the Ottoman Empire play in the Silk Road Trade?
It’s Turkish leaders gained control of trade routes connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe. The Ottoman Empire charged high taxes on goods that were carried through their territory.
Describe how Suleyman maintained control in the Ottoman Empire.
Suleyman the Magnificent maintained power by expanding the Ottoman Empire to Northern Africa, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Suleyman reformed the economy and law code of the Ottoman Empire. Suleyman built mosques, bridges and aqueducts.
What items were being traded along the Silk Road?
Frankincense, cotton, compasses, gems, silk, glassware, spices, horses, gunpowder, paper, tea, ivory, wool, precious metals, and ideas.
What items did Africa trade along the trans-Saharan trade routes?
Gold, ivory, and salt.
Define cultural diffusion.
Cultural diffusion is the spreading out and merging of pieces from different cultures.
Which major empires were located in Africa?
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.
How did Islam spread throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa?
Mansa Musa.
What impact did the spread of Islam have on the people and population in the Middle East and Northern Africa?
The coming of Islam to Sub-Saharan Africa facilitated the rise of political empires, encouraged trade and wealth, and increased the traffic in slavery.
Where did the Black Death originate?
The Black Death originated in China.
How did the Black Death spread?
A shipment of grain brought plague-infected rats to Europe.
What impact did the plague have on Europe?
Europe suffered an especially significant death toll from the plague.
What is the Renaissance?
Intellectual and cultural movement in Europe from 1300 to 1600; the rebirth of cultural progress after the Middle Ages.
Define humanism and individualism.
Individualism takes humanism a step further and is the belief that individual humans are capable of great accomplishments. Humanism is an approach to life based on reason and our common humanity, recognizing that moral values are properly founded on human nature and experience alone.
Describe the changes in Renaissance art.
Subjects grew from mostly biblical scenes to include portraits, episodes from Classical religion, and events from contemporary life.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
A religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s.
What issues did Martin Luther have with the Catholic Church?
He objected not only to the church’s greed but to the very idea of indulgences.
What did Martin Luther believe in?
The Bible.
What did John Calvin believe?
That God pre-determines who will go to Heaven and who will not.
Describe the impact of Henry VIII on religion.
He broke with the Roman Catholic Church and had Parliament declare him supreme head of the Church of England, starting the English Reformation, because the pope would not annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
What was the Counter Reformation?
Efforts in the 16th and early 17th centuries to oppose the Protestant Reformation and reform the Catholic church.
What did the Counter Reformation include?
Internal reforms, missionary efforts, an inquisition and a renewed popular piety focused on saints and the Virgin Mary.
Why did the Age of Exploration begin?
European countries wanted to find different trade routes to Asia.
What impact did exploration have on the Native population?
Native peoples of America had no immunity to the diseases that European explorers and colonists brought with them.
What impact did exploration have on Europeans?
European explorations led to the Columbian Exchange and an increase in international trade. European nations competed for colonies; they gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas. Involved sugar, tobacco, chocolate, and potatoes
Define merchantilism.
Mercantilism was a form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restrictive trade practices.
Why did the African slave trade begin?
The Native American population was declining.
What were the conditions for slaves on the voyage during the African slave trade?
Slave decks were often only a few feet high, and the African captives were shackled together lying down, side by side, head to foot, or even closer. Deaths from suffocation, malnutrition, and disease were routine on the slave deck, as were arbitrary torture and murder by the crew.
Who objected not only to the church’s greed but to the very idea of indulgences?
Martin Luther.
What included internal reforms, missionary efforts, an inquisition and a renewed popular piety focused on saints and the Virgin Mary?
The Counter Reformation.
What did the decline of Native American populations cause?
The African slave trade.
What is the spreading out and merging of pieces from different cultures?
Cultural diffusion.
European countries wanted to find different trade routes to Asia. This began what?
The Age of Exploration.
Who believed in the Bible?
Martin Luther.
_____ believed that God pre-determines who will go to Heaven and who will not.
John Calvin.
Who broke with the Roman Catholic Church and had Parliament declare him supreme head of the Church of England, starting the English Reformation, because the pope would not annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon?
Henry VIII.
