Test Review Flashcards
What is devine right?
The right to rule given by God
What is absolutism?
Monarchs/dictators have absolute power
What is popular sovereignty?
Government based on the consent of the people
List the main English monarchs in order
1.Henry VIII
2.Mary I
3.Elizabeth
4.James I
5.Charles I
6.James II
7.William III and Mary II
Who needed a son, killed and divorced his wives (6), made the Church of England which was protestant, had 3 children (his son was named Edward and became king at 9 and died at 15)? What country did he/she reign?
Henry VIII (England)
Which monarch killed all of the protestants, got married to phillip ii, and reigned for 4 years? What country did he/she rule?
Mary I/”Bloody Mary” (England)
Which ruler destroyed Phillip II, reinstated the Church of England, lived for around 70 years, never got married, nicknamed “The Virgin Queen,” enforced poor laws (“take care of your own poor”), and increased trade? What country did she rule?
Elizabeth (England)
Which monarch created his own version of the bible and was originally from Scotland? Which country did he rule?
James I (England)
Which leader caused a revolution do to his high taxes, limited rights to the people, and firing of the parliament, reigned during roundheads and cavaliers, and got executed due to losing to the roundheads (cromwell)? Which country did he rule?
Charles I (England)
Which ruler was catholic, favored absolute power, and ran away when the parliament approached William and Mary of Orange? Which country did she/he rule?
James II
Who ruled after James II?
William III and Mary II
What was an enormous 130-ship naval fleet dispatched by Spain in 1588 as part of a planned invasion of England?
The Spanish Armada
_____ had 130 ships with 30,000 troops and 2,500 guns
The Spanish Armada
Who did the Spanish Armada belong to?
King Phillip II of Spain
List methods to limit absolue monarchies.
Abdication
Legislative reform
Revolution
Coup d’état
Decolonization
What is abdication?
A ruler abandons the throne
What is legislative reform?
The government changes laws/improves social system
What is a revolution?
Violent attempt by many people to end the rule of one government and start a new one
What is a coup d’état?
The sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group
What is decolonization?
The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country
What are the enlightened ideas(7)?
Religious Tolerance
Freedom of Expression
Opposition to Absolutism
Laissez Faire Economics
Humanitarianism
Scientific Spirit
Education
Describe religious tolerance.
People should not be prosecuted for religious beliefs
Describe freedom of expression.
People should be able to express opinions/beliefs freely
Describe opposition to absolutism.
Rights and equality should be protected(limit the governments power)
Describe laissez faire economics.
Government should not involve themselves with businesses or money
Describe humanitarianism.
No slavery, war, torture, or cruel/unusual punishment
Describe scientific spirit.
Use the scientific method to nationalize universal truths of the enlightenment
Who is commonly known as the “father of liberalism”?
John Locke
Describe John Locke.
Author of the first systematic exposition and defense of political liberalism
Founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism
Pioneered the ideas of:
Natural law
Social contract
Religious toleration
Right to revolution
The Reasonableness of Christianity
Who is Baron de Montesquieu?
French political philosopherr
The Spirit of Laws (1748): political theory and of jurisprudence
Published Lettres persanes
Judge
Man of letters
Historian
Who is Simon Bolivar?
President of the Republic of Venezuela
Nicknamed “El Libertador”
Helped nations become independent from Spain
Who is Voltaire?
French writer(François-Marie d’Arouet)
Wit
Criticism of Christianity(Roman Catholic Church)
Criticism of slavery
Lettres philosophiques (1734)
Candide (1759)
What was the outcome of the English Civil War?
Execution of King Charles I (1649)
11 years of republican rule in England
Establishment of Britain’s first standing national army
List the major battles of the English Civil War.
Edgehill
Marston Moor
Naseby
Dunbar
Roundheads(Oliver Cromwell) v Cavaliers
Why were the Cavaliers called the Cavaliers and the Roundheads the Roundheads?
Cavaliers-flashy appearance
Roundheads-close cropped hair
What was the deposition of King James II and VII of England and Scotland?
The Glorious Revolution
Why was the Glorious Revolution called the Glorious Revolution?
It was completed mostly without bloodshed
What was the outcome of the Glorious Revolution?
Permanently established Parliament as the ruling power of England
Shift from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy
Pre revolution: economic injustice, social injustice (3rd estate, peasants, artisans, bourgeoisie)
Which revolution does the above describe?
The French Revolution
What were the causes of the French Revolution?
Estate System
Absolutism
Enlightenment
Food shortages
American Revolution
What was the outcome of the French Revolution?
End to the French monarchy and feudalism
Took political power from the Catholic church
What was the first estate composed of?
Clergy
What was the second estate composed of?
Nobility
What was the third estate composed of?
Commoners
What estate was the King a part of?
None
How did the estates general conclude?
Third Estate formed into a National Assembly
Outbreak of the French Revolution
What was the role of the bourgeoisie in the French Revolution?
Overthrew the feudal aristocracy
What does the following describe: public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary ‘suspects.’
The Reign of Terror
What were causes of the Reign of Terror?
Revolutionary War
Fears of foreign invasion
Rumours of counter-revolutionary activity
Assassination plots
Zealots in the government
What is the following the outcome of: Robespierre was arrested and executed as were many of his fellow Jacobins.
The Reign of Terror
_____ was arguably one of the most “revolutionary” regions of the world in the twentieth century. It registered four “great revolutions”: Mexico 1910, Bolivia 1952, Cuba 1959, and Nicaragua 1979.
Latin America
Mexico 1910, Bolivia 1952, Cuba 1959, and Nicaragua 1979 are all _____ revolutions.
Latin American
List pros and cons of Napoleon.
Pros:
Education
Bank
Napoleonic code (some rights to people)
Cons:
Lack of women’s and workers rights
Tries to take over the world (good until he tries to take over russia, scorched torch policy)
_____ made the authority of men over their families stronger, deprived women of any individual rights, and reduced the rights of illegitimate children.
The Napoleonic Code
How was Napoleon viewed by Europeans?
He was idolized
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
Provide a long-term peace plan for Europe
Where were the Revolutions of 1848?
Beginning:
Sicily
Spreading to:
France
Germany
Italy
Austrian Empire
The affranchis’ frustrated aspirations, the brutality of slave owners, and inspiration from the French Revolution are causes of what?
The Hatian Revolution
What was the outcome of the Hatian Revolution?
Haitian people won independence from France
What caused the Tennis Coart Oath?
