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Honors World History > Test Review > Flashcards

Test Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is devine right?

A

The right to rule given by God

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2
Q

What is absolutism?

A

Monarchs/dictators have absolute power

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3
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

Government based on the consent of the people

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4
Q

List the main English monarchs in order

A

1.Henry VIII
2.Mary I
3.Elizabeth
4.James I
5.Charles I
6.James II
7.William III and Mary II

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5
Q

Who needed a son, killed and divorced his wives (6), made the Church of England which was protestant, had 3 children (his son was named Edward and became king at 9 and died at 15)? What country did he/she reign?

A

Henry VIII (England)

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6
Q

Which monarch killed all of the protestants, got married to phillip ii, and reigned for 4 years? What country did he/she rule?

A

Mary I/”Bloody Mary” (England)

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7
Q

Which ruler destroyed Phillip II, reinstated the Church of England, lived for around 70 years, never got married, nicknamed “The Virgin Queen,” enforced poor laws (“take care of your own poor”), and increased trade? What country did she rule?

A

Elizabeth (England)

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8
Q

Which monarch created his own version of the bible and was originally from Scotland? Which country did he rule?

A

James I (England)

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9
Q

Which leader caused a revolution do to his high taxes, limited rights to the people, and firing of the parliament, reigned during roundheads and cavaliers, and got executed due to losing to the roundheads (cromwell)? Which country did he rule?

A

Charles I (England)

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10
Q

Which ruler was catholic, favored absolute power, and ran away when the parliament approached William and Mary of Orange? Which country did she/he rule?

A

James II

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11
Q

Who ruled after James II?

A

William III and Mary II

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12
Q

What was an enormous 130-ship naval fleet dispatched by Spain in 1588 as part of a planned invasion of England?

A

The Spanish Armada

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13
Q

_____ had 130 ships with 30,000 troops and 2,500 guns

A

The Spanish Armada

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14
Q

Who did the Spanish Armada belong to?

A

King Phillip II of Spain

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15
Q

List methods to limit absolue monarchies.

A

Abdication
Legislative reform
Revolution
Coup d’état
Decolonization

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16
Q

What is abdication?

A

A ruler abandons the throne

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17
Q

What is legislative reform?

A

The government changes laws/improves social system

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18
Q

What is a revolution?

A

Violent attempt by many people to end the rule of one government and start a new one

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19
Q

What is a coup d’état?

A

The sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group

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20
Q

What is decolonization?

A

The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country

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21
Q

What are the enlightened ideas(7)?

A

Religious Tolerance
Freedom of Expression
Opposition to Absolutism
Laissez Faire Economics
Humanitarianism
Scientific Spirit
Education

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22
Q

Describe religious tolerance.

A

People should not be prosecuted for religious beliefs

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23
Q

Describe freedom of expression.

A

People should be able to express opinions/beliefs freely

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24
Q

Describe opposition to absolutism.

A

Rights and equality should be protected(limit the governments power)

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25
Q

Describe laissez faire economics.

A

Government should not involve themselves with businesses or money

26
Q

Describe humanitarianism.

A

No slavery, war, torture, or cruel/unusual punishment

27
Q

Describe scientific spirit.

A

Use the scientific method to nationalize universal truths of the enlightenment

28
Q

Who is commonly known as the “father of liberalism”?

A

John Locke

29
Q

Describe John Locke.

A

Author of the first systematic exposition and defense of political liberalism
Founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism
Pioneered the ideas of:
Natural law
Social contract
Religious toleration
Right to revolution
The Reasonableness of Christianity

30
Q

Who is Baron de Montesquieu?

A

French political philosopherr
The Spirit of Laws (1748): political theory and of jurisprudence
Published Lettres persanes
Judge
Man of letters
Historian

31
Q

Who is Simon Bolivar?

A

President of the Republic of Venezuela
Nicknamed “El Libertador”
Helped nations become independent from Spain

32
Q

Who is Voltaire?

A

French writer(François-Marie d’Arouet)
Wit
Criticism of Christianity(Roman Catholic Church)
Criticism of slavery
Lettres philosophiques (1734)
Candide (1759)

33
Q

What was the outcome of the English Civil War?

A

Execution of King Charles I (1649)
11 years of republican rule in England
Establishment of Britain’s first standing national army

34
Q

List the major battles of the English Civil War.

A

Edgehill
Marston Moor
Naseby
Dunbar
Roundheads(Oliver Cromwell) v Cavaliers

35
Q

Why were the Cavaliers called the Cavaliers and the Roundheads the Roundheads?

A

Cavaliers-flashy appearance
Roundheads-close cropped hair

36
Q

What was the deposition of King James II and VII of England and Scotland?

A

The Glorious Revolution

37
Q

Why was the Glorious Revolution called the Glorious Revolution?

A

It was completed mostly without bloodshed

38
Q

What was the outcome of the Glorious Revolution?

A

Permanently established Parliament as the ruling power of England
Shift from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy

39
Q

Pre revolution: economic injustice, social injustice (3rd estate, peasants, artisans, bourgeoisie)
Which revolution does the above describe?

A

The French Revolution

40
Q

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

A

Estate System
Absolutism
Enlightenment
Food shortages
American Revolution

41
Q

What was the outcome of the French Revolution?

A

End to the French monarchy and feudalism
Took political power from the Catholic church

42
Q

What was the first estate composed of?

A

Clergy

43
Q

What was the second estate composed of?

A

Nobility

44
Q

What was the third estate composed of?

A

Commoners

45
Q

What estate was the King a part of?

A

None

46
Q

How did the estates general conclude?

A

Third Estate formed into a National Assembly
Outbreak of the French Revolution

47
Q

What was the role of the bourgeoisie in the French Revolution?

A

Overthrew the feudal aristocracy

48
Q

What does the following describe: public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary ‘suspects.’

A

The Reign of Terror

49
Q

What were causes of the Reign of Terror?

A

Revolutionary War
Fears of foreign invasion
Rumours of counter-revolutionary activity
Assassination plots
Zealots in the government

50
Q

What is the following the outcome of: Robespierre was arrested and executed as were many of his fellow Jacobins.

A

The Reign of Terror

51
Q

_____ was arguably one of the most “revolutionary” regions of the world in the twentieth century. It registered four “great revolutions”: Mexico 1910, Bolivia 1952, Cuba 1959, and Nicaragua 1979.

A

Latin America

52
Q

Mexico 1910, Bolivia 1952, Cuba 1959, and Nicaragua 1979 are all _____ revolutions.

A

Latin American

53
Q

List pros and cons of Napoleon.

A

Pros:
Education
Bank
Napoleonic code (some rights to people)
Cons:
Lack of women’s and workers rights
Tries to take over the world (good until he tries to take over russia, scorched torch policy)

54
Q

_____ made the authority of men over their families stronger, deprived women of any individual rights, and reduced the rights of illegitimate children.

A

The Napoleonic Code

55
Q

How was Napoleon viewed by Europeans?

A

He was idolized

56
Q

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

A

Provide a long-term peace plan for Europe

57
Q

Where were the Revolutions of 1848?

A

Beginning:
Sicily
Spreading to:
France
Germany
Italy
Austrian Empire

58
Q

The affranchis’ frustrated aspirations, the brutality of slave owners, and inspiration from the French Revolution are causes of what?

A

The Hatian Revolution

59
Q

What was the outcome of the Hatian Revolution?

A

Haitian people won independence from France

60
Q

What caused the Tennis Coart Oath?

A

Honors World History (6 decks)

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