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SME 380 Exercise Physiology > Unit 1 Quizes > Flashcards

Unit 1 Quizes Flashcards

1
Q

What is exercise?

A

Structured physical activitty

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2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

The study of the body organ systems to maintain homiostasis

“The study of the function of cells, tissues, organs, and systems’

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3
Q

Exercise Physiology

A

Study of how acute and chronic exercise influences the function of cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
Environmental Factors
specific populations

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4
Q

Reductionism

A

Study of a Singular molecule (like a protein) to better understand

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5
Q

Which of the following is used to measure work output?

A

Ergometer

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6
Q

Indirect calorimetry is a means of determining energy expenditure and involves the measurement of:

A

oxygen consumption.

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7
Q

The SI units for work and power are _______ and _______, respectively.

A

Joules; watts

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8
Q

Power is defined as:

A

work divided by the amount of time required to perform the work (i.e., work rate).

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9
Q

Work is defined as:

A

the product of force times distance.

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10
Q

One. MET is defined as a metobolic equivliant to:

A

Resting VO2

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11
Q

Exercise efficency is greater in subjects who Posses a higher percentage of ___ muscle fiber

A

Posses a higher percentage of slowe-twitch muscle fiber

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12
Q

NET efficiency ___ as work rate increases

A

decreases
(Inverse relationship)

The harder you work out, the less energy effeicent you become (Burn more calories)

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13
Q

Compared to a high a highly economical runner, runners that exhbit poor running economy would require:

A

A higher VO2 at any given runnning speed

(They have to work harder, they burn more calories and intake more oxygen)

A train person has the same VO2 at any given running speed

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14
Q

Higher VO2 =

A

Higher caloric expediture

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15
Q

The measurement of oxygen consumption during exercise can provide an estimate of metabolic rate. The rationale behind the use of oxygen consumption to estimate metabolic rate thtat

A

a direct relationship exists between oxygen consumed, energy expenditure, and teh amoiint of heat produced by the body

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16
Q

The term homeostasis is defined as:

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

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17
Q

Exercises physiologists use teh term steady state to denote:

A

A steady and relativley unchanging level of a physiological varible
(Maintaining)

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18
Q

A series of interconnected componets that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter of the body near a constant value uis called:

A

A biological control system

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19
Q

The gerneral components of a biological control system include the:

A

Receptor, (Strech reflex)
Control center, (Nervous System)
Effector, (Cause change/movement)

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20
Q

Most control systems of teh body operate via:

A

Negative feedback

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21
Q

The gain of a biological control system is thought of as

A

Gain=capablility = percision
Larger gain = more percision in maintaining hoomeostsis

22
Q

Exercise training can improve homeostsis control via

A

cellular adiptation

23
Q

Cellular adiptation to environmental stress (like heat)

A

acclimation

24
Q

Hormesis refers to a biologiacl procedure

A

adapt to low-moderate does of stress to adaptive reponse

25
Q

Cell signaling

A

comunication between cells

26
Q

A chemical messenger that is released from one cell and stimulates nearby cells (e.g., white blood cell communication) is an example of:

A

paracrine signaling.

27
Q

Endocrine signaling involves the release of_________ into the bloodstream.

A

hormones

28
Q

Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell produces

A

and releases a chemical messenger into the extracellular fluid; this messenger then acts upon the cell that produced the messenger

29
Q

Recent evidence reveals that exercising skeletal muscles release extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs can be described as:

A

small membrane-bound sacs containing bioactive molecules.

30
Q

Some cells communicate by cell-to-cell contact. This type of signaling is called:

A

juxtacrine signaling and requires that the cytoplasm of one cell makes contact with the cytoplasm of another cell via a small junction connecting the cell membranes.

31
Q

The metabolic process of converting foodstuffs into a biological usable form of energy is called:

A

bioenergetics.

32
Q

By definition, an endergonic reaction is:

A

a chemical reaction that requires energy to be added to the reactants before the reaction will take place.

(Takes energy)

33
Q

Coupled reactions are defined as:

A

reactions that are linked together, with the liberation of free energy in one reaction being used to drive the second reaction.

(relseases energy and it joins with another raction)
(exergoonic + endergonic)

34
Q

The immediate source of energy for muscular contraction is:

A

ATP

35
Q

The two most important electron carriers in bioenergetic chemical reactions are:

A

NAD and FAD.

(carries electrons + the hyrdogen it carries too)

36
Q

During chemical reactions, enzymes work as catalysts by:

A

lowering the energy of activation.

37
Q

Dehydrogen

A

They remove hydrogen atoms from their substrates.

38
Q

They add a phosphate group to a specific molecule.

A

Kinases

39
Q

They catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions involving molecular oxygen.

A

Oxidases

40
Q

They rearrange atoms within their substrate molecules to form structural isomers.

A

Isomeraes

41
Q

Elevated blood levels of the cardiac isoform of lactate dehydrogenase can assist in the diagnosis of which medical condition?

A

Myocaridal infaction

42
Q

Rate Limiting Enzyme of glycolysis, catalyzing the formation of fructose 1, 6-biphospate

A

phospfructikinase

43
Q

The breakdown of glucose, involving 10 enzymamatic steps

A

glycolisis

44
Q

Catalyzes the formation of ATP from phospocreatine andf ADP

A

creatine kinase

45
Q

Catalyzes the formation of glucose, creatining glucose 6 phospate, therby trapping glucose in the cell

A

Hexokinase

46
Q

the breakdown of glycogen, forming glucose-6-phosphate

A

glycogenolysis

47
Q

Catalyzes the formation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruuvate

A

Pyruvate Kinase

48
Q

aka phosphagen system

A

ATP-PC System

49
Q

end product of glucolysis

A

pyruvate

50
Q

net yeild of glycolisis

A

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

51
Q

What is ATP made of?

A

adrnine, robose, and 3 phophate groups

SME 380 Exercise Physiology (14 decks)

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