Unit `1 Practice Questions Flashcards
Define Autocrine
Chemicals that exert their effects on the same cell that secretes them
Define Exocrine
Affect cells through the bloodstream not in the same region
Define Paracrine
Act locally, but affect a neighboring cell within the same region
Which hormone types are synthesized from cholesterol?
Steroid based (testosterone, estrogen)
If a 58 year old patient is sick more often and doesn’t respond well to vaccines, what is one possible cause?
Thymus
The anterior pituitary releases what hormone that causes an increase in blood glucose, blood pressure, and suppresses the immune system?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
What type of cell is derived from a monocyte?
Macrophage
What type of immunity is functional at birth?
Innate
2 innate immune cells that perform phagocytosis include?
Neutrophils and macrophages
What does APC stand for, and what are the types?
Antigen presenting cells. Dendritic, macrophages, B cells
How does the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus communicate? What about posterior pituitary and hypothalamus?
Hypophyseal portal system (uses hormones through the bloodstream to communicate). Direct contact as the post pituitary
Name the 2nd messenger systems, can you name the steps?
cAMP and PIP2-CA2+.
1st Step - hormone binds to receptor
2nd step - receptor activates G Protein
3rd step - G protein activates adenylate cyclase
4th step - Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP
5th step - cAMP activates protein kinases
What are the primary organs of the lymphatic system?
Red bone marrow and the thymus
What are the 2 main branches of the adaptive immune system?
Humoral and cellular mediated
What are the 3 characteristics of the adaptive immune system?
Specific, systemic, memory
