Chapter 16 2.0

Question 1

What hormone does the thyroid produce?

Answer 1

Thyroid hormone

Question 2

What hormone does the pancreas produce?

Answer 2

Alpha (Glucagon) and Beta (Insulin) cells

Question 3

What hormone does the adrenal cortex produce?

Answer 3

Corticosteroids (mineralo, gluco, gonado)

Question 4

What hormone does the adrenal medulla produce?

Answer 4

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 5

What hormone does the anterior pituitary produce?

Answer 5

Growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, ACTH, LH, prolactin

Question 6

What hormone does the posterior pituitary produce?

Answer 6

ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) and Oxytocin

Question 7

What hormone does the parathyroid produce?

Answer 7

Parathyroid hormone

Question 8

What hormone does the pineal gland produce?

Answer 8

Melatonin

Question 9

What hormone does the Gonads produce?

Answer 9

Steroid sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen)

Question 10

Which hormones are permissive?

Answer 10

Thyroid hormone increases the effect of epinephrine so it is permissive

Question 11

Which hormones are synergistic?

Answer 11

Testosterone needs FSH for normal sperm production so it is synergistic

Question 12

Which hormones are antagonistic?

Answer 12

Progesterone inhibits uterine response to estrogen or insulin and glucagon so it is antagonistic

Question 13

Define autocrine

Answer 13

Chemicals that exert their effects on same cells that secrete them

Question 14

Define exocrine

Answer 14

Secretion that is released outside its source

Question 15

Define paracrine

Answer 15

Acts locally but affects cell types other than those releasing paracrine chemicals

Question 16

What are the 5 steps of the Cyclic AMP System

Answer 16

1. Hormone bind to receptor
2. Receptor activates G protein
3. G protein activates adenylate cyclase
4. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP
5. cAMP activates protein kinases

Question 17

What two factors enhance the magnitude of the hormone effects on target tissue?

Answer 17

Hormone concentration and receptor density

Question 18

How is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus?

Answer 18

Blood flow

Question 19

How is the posterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus

Answer 19

Neuron axon extensions

Question 20

Define upregulation

Answer 20

Increase number of receptors in response to rising hormone levels when the signal is weak

Question 21

Define downregulation

Answer 21

Decrease number of receptors in response to rising hormone levels when the signal is strong

Question 22

What causes humoral stimulation?

Answer 22

Hormone release caused by altered levels of certain ions and nutrients

Question 23

What causes neural stimulation?

Answer 23

Hormone release caused by neural input

Question 24

What causes hormonal stimulation

Answer 24

Hormone release caused by another hormone

Question 25

Compare and contrast polypeptide and steroid hormones

Answer 25

Polypeptide are water soluble and steroid are lipid soluble hormones. Steroid hormones act on receptors inside the cell. Polypeptide hormones act on receptors in the plasma membrane

Question 26

What does the adrenal cortex produce?

Answer 26

Corticosteroids

Question 27

What does the adrenal medulla produce?

Answer 27

Epinephrine and norepinephrine