UNIT 1 Practice Exam Flashcards by Yvonne lambert

Homeostasis is

A. The ability to do work B. Maintenance of a constant internal environment or “same state.”
C. The inherited material that directs development and determines cell structure and function
D. All the chemical reactions needed to sustain the life of an organism
E. An essential atom or molecule that cannot be made by an organism

B. Maintenance of a constant internal environment or “same state.”

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The kingdom that includes many single-celled eukaryotes as well as organisms that do not fit well in other kingdoms is

A. Animalia
B. Archeae
C. Protista
D. Fungi
E. Plantae

C. Protista

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Eukaroytic organisms that have chitin cell walls and digest food outside their bodies belong to the kingdom

A. Protista
B. Archeae
C. Animalia
D. Fungi
E. Plantae

D. Fungi

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Eukaryotic organisms that have cellulose cell walls and make food from light belong to the kingdom

A. Plantae
B. Fungi
C. Animalia
D. Protista
C. Archeae

A. Plantae

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A community is

A. All organ systems working together to make an individual
B. Several groups of physically similar, interbreeding organisms living and interacting in the same area
C. Physically similar, interbreeding organisms living and interacting in the same area
D. All organisms in an area plus the non-living environment
E. Physically similar, potentially interbreeding organisms

B. Several groups of physically similar, interbreeding organisms living and interacting in the same area

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The population size that can be supported by the environment is the

A. critical population size
B. logistic growth
C. carrying capacity
D. biotic potential

C. carrying capacity

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At present, human population growth is

A. logistic
B. exponential

B. exponential

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A pathogen’s effect on the population is

A. density-independent
B. density-dependent

B. density-dependent

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A life history in which the chance of death is the same at all ages results in a

A. Type II survivorship curve
B. Type I survivorship curve
C. Type III survivorship curve

A. Type II survivorship curve

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Species, such as fish or sea turtles, that produce many, many offspring and invest little parental care in raising them is likely to have a

A. Type II survivorship curve
B. Type III survivorship curve
C. Type I survivorship curve

B. Type III survivorship curve

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The effect of a flood on a population is

A. density-independent
B. density-dependent

A. density-independent

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A J-shaped curve is typical of

A. logistic growth
B. exponential growth
C. logarithmic growth
D. Type I survivorship

B. exponential growth

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Exponential growth is represented by

A. G = r(N) [(K-N)/K]
B. r = b – d
C. G = r(N)

C. G = r(N)

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The species interaction that literally means “living together” is

A. commensalism
B. parasitism
C. competition
D. mutualism
E. symbiosis

E. symbiosis

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If two species compete,

A. neither species is harmed or benefited
B. both species are harmed
C. both species benefit one
D. one species benefits and the other species is harmed

B. both species are harmed

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In mutualism,

A. neither species is harmed or benefited
B. both species benefit
C. one species benefits and the other species is harmed
D. both species are harmed

B. both species benefit

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The difference between primary and secondary succession is that

A. primary succession begins with light tolerant plants and secondary does not
B. soil is absent in primary succession and present in secondary
C. soil is present in primary succession and absent in secondary
D. secondary succession begins with light tolerant plants and primary does not

B. soil is absent in primary succession and present in secondary

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A species that controls the abundance and diversity of other species in a community is a(n)

A. apical species
B. keynote species
C. cornerstone species
D. keystone species

D. keystone species

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Resource partitioning will tend to

A. have no effect on local species diversity
B. increase local species diversity
C. decrease local species diversity

B. increase local species diversity

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Common defense strategies of plants include

A. mechanical defenses and mimicry
B. chemical defenses and camouflage
C. chemical defenses and last-chance effort
D. chemical and mechanical defenses

D. chemical and mechanical defenses

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In competitive exclusion

A. one species exploits another species
B. two species can coexist by using slightly different resources
C. one species survives by eating the other species
D. one species forces another species to local extinction

D. one species forces another species to local extinction

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Organisms that eat only plants are

A. herbivores
B. omnivores
C. parasites
D. carnivores

A. herbivores

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Organisms that eat both plants and flesh are

A. carnivores
B. parasites
C. omnivores
D. herbivores

C. omnivores

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Organisms that eat only flesh are

A. herbivores
B. carnivores
C. parasites
D. omnivores

B. carnivores

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Another name for a heterotroph is A. primary producer B. consumer C. “self-feeder”

B. consumer

A human process that impacts all of the nutrient cycles is A. burning fossil fuels B. deforestation C.groundwater overdrafts D. using artificial fertilizers

B. deforestation

The nutrient cycle that requires bacteria to turn an atmospheric gas into plant fertilizer is the A. Water cycle B. Carbon cycle C. Nitrogen cycle D. Phosphorus cycle

C. Nitrogen cycle

In a grazing food chain, energy from producers goes to A. small detritivores and decomposers B. large herbivores C. large carnivores and small parasites D. small detritivores and large omnivores

!? NOT C

Even though the ozone-damaging molecules have been phased out, it is estimated that damage to the ozone layer will continue for another A. 50 years B. 30 years C. 10 years D. 20 years

D. 20 years

The primary source of industrial smog is A. burning of fossil fuels, especially coal B. vehicle exhaust, especially from diesel engines C. propellants in aerosol cans and coolants D. nitric oxide in car exhaust fumes

A. burning of fossil fuels, especially coal

Secondary effects of ozone thinning may include A. higher incidence of skin cancer and lower pH in surface water B. lower oxygen in the air and more thermal inversions C. higher incidence of skin cancer and lower oxygen in the atmosphere D. increased airborne particles

C. higher incidence of skin cancer and lower oxygen in the atmosphere

The chemical(s) primarily responsible for ozone thinning include(s) A. Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides B. Heavy metals C. Carbon dioxide D. CFCs

D. CFCs

The direct effect of thinning of the ozone layer is A. global warming B. increased ultraviolet exposure C. industrial smog D. photochemical smog

B. increased ultraviolet exposure

The primary source of smog is A. crop dusting with pesticides B. nitric oxide in car exhaust fumes C. propellants in aerosol cans and coolants D. burning of fossil fuels, including coal, gas, and oil

B. nitric oxide in car exhaust fumes

One of the major sources of chemicals that contribute to acid rain is A. crop dusting with pesticides B. burning forests to clear land for agriculture C. burning of fossil fuels, including coal, gas, and oil D. propellants in aerosol cans and coolants

C. burning of fossil fuels, including coal, gas, and oil

Vehicle exhaust, especially from diesel engines, is a major contributor to A. groundwater contamination B. particulate pollution C. ozone thinning D. industrial smog

?? | NOT D

The chemical(s) responsible for acid rain include(s) A. Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides B. Heavy metals C. CFCs D. Carbon dioxide

C. CFCs

Secondary effects of ozone thinning may include A. lower oxygen in the air and more thermal inversions B. higher incidence of skin cancer and lower oxygen in the atmosphere C. increased airborne particles D. higher incidence of skin cancer and lower pH in surface water

B. higher incidence of skin cancer and lower oxygen in the atmosphere

Even though the ozone-damaging molecules have been phased out, it is estimated that damage to the ozone layer will continue for another A. 30 years B. 10 years C. 20 years D. 50 years

C. 20 years

The direct effect of thinning of the ozone layer is A. photochemical smog B. global warming C. increased ultraviolet exposure D. industrial smog

C. increased ultraviolet exposure

Grass is eaten by a grasshopper, and the grasshopper in turn is eaten by a bird. The bird is a(n) A. producer B. detritivore C. herbivore D. carnivore

D. carnivore ?

In an ecosystem, nutrients A. partially cycle, although most are lost from one trophic level to the next B. cycle through the food chain C. move one way through the food chain and are lost as heat

B. cycle through the food chain

Grass is eaten by a grasshopper, and the grasshopper in turn is eaten by a bird. The grasshopper is a(n) A. carnivore B. detritivore C. herbivore D. producer

B. detritivore ?

Organisms that get nutrients by feeding on the tissues of another living organism are A. omnivores B. herbivores C. carnivores D. parasites

D. parasites

The nutrient cycle that involves respiration and photosynthesis is the A. Phosphorus cycle B. Nitrogen cycle C. Carbon cycle D. Water cycle

C. Carbon cycle

In a grazing food chain, energy from producers goes to A. large carnivores and small parasites B. small detritivores and decomposers C. large herbivores D. small detritivores and large omnivores

NOT B

The nutrient cycle that has its major reservoir in rock is the A. Water cycle B. Nitrogen cycle C. Phosphorus cycle D. Carbon cycle

NOT B | C. Phosphorus cycle ?

A realized niche is A. the resources available to a species under real-world constraints B. all the resources a species is capable of using under ideal conditions C. the resources which are not available to a species because of competition

A. the resources available to a species under real-world constraints

In a predator-prey interaction, A. both species are harmed B. one species benefits and the other species is harmed C. both species benefit D. neither species is harmed or benefited

B. one species benefits and the other species is harmed

If two species compete, A. both species are harmed B. one species benefits and the other species is harmed C. neither species is harmed or benefited D. both species benefit

A. both species are harmed

Competitive exclusion will tend to A. have no effect on local species diversity B. decrease local species diversity C. increase local species diversity

B. decrease local species diversity

Following the retreat of a glacier, the first species to colonize the area include A. alder, cottonwoods, and willow seedlings B. hemlock and spruce C. mosses, lichens, and plants that have a mutualism with nitrogen-fixing bacteria

C. mosses, lichens, and plants that have a mutualism with | nitrogen-fixing bacteria

What, when, and where a species eats, where it nests, and how it responds to the environment are all part of its ``` A. productivity B. trophic level C. biome D. habitat E. niche ```

E. niche

If birth rates are lower than death rates, the population is experiencing A. slow growth B. rapid growth C. negative growth D. zero growth

C. negative growth

The number of individuals of one species in a given area is the population’s A. distribution B. size C. age structure D. density

An S-shaped curve is typical of A. Type I survivorship B. logarithmic growth C. exponential growth D. logistic growth

D. logistic growth

A species, such as elephants, that have few offspring and may care for the offspring for a long time usually have a A. Type I survivorship curve B. Type III survivorship curve C. Type II survivorship curve

A. Type I survivorship curve

Species, such as fish or sea turtles, that produce many, many offspring and invest little parental care in raising them is likely to have a A. Type I survivorship curve B. Type III survivorship curve C. Type II survivorship curve

B. Type III survivorship curve

In logistic growth, growth slows down when A. N is much smaller than K B. N approaches K

B. N approaches K

A life history in which most individuals live a long time, but the chance of death increases rapidly late in life results in a A. Type I survivorship curve B. Type II survivorship curve C. Type III survivorship curve

A. Type I survivorship curve

Sea urchins and other marine invertebrates often have a A. Type III survivorship curve B. Type I survivorship curve C. Type II survivorship curve

A. Type III survivorship curve

Energy is A. An essential atom or molecule that cannot be made by an organism B. The inherited material that directs development and determines cell structure and function C. The ability to do work D. All the chemical reactions needed to sustain the life of an organism E. Maintenance of a constant internal environment or “same state.”

C. The ability to do work

Metabolism is A. Maintenance of a constant internal environment or “same state.” B. The ability to do work C. All the chemical reactions needed to sustain the life of an organism D. An essential atom or molecule that cannot be made by an organism E. The inherited material that directs development and determines cell structure and function

C. All the chemical reactions needed to sustain the life of an organism

The smallest unit that can live and reproduce is the ``` A. tissue B. organelle C. organ D. molecule E. cell ```

E. cell

Eukaryotic organisms that have no cell walls and ingest food belong to the kingdom ``` Protista Fungi Plantae Archeae Animalia ```

d. animalia

A nutrient is a. Maintenance of a constant internal environment or “same state.” b. An essential atom or molecule that cannot be made by an organism c. The inherited material that directs development and determines cell structure and function d. All the chemical reactions needed to sustain the life of an organism e. The ability to do work

b. An essential atom or molecule that cannot be made by an organism

An ecosystem is All organ systems working together to make an individual Physically similar, potentially interbreeding organisms All organisms in an area plus the non-living environment Physically similar, interbreeding organisms living and interacting in the same area Several groups of physically similar, interbreeding organisms living and interacting in the same area

All organisms in an area plus the non-living environment

Humans with access to medical care typically have a Type I survivorship curve Type II survivorship curve Type III survivorship curve

Type I survivorship curve

``` Parasitism is considered a form of commensalism symbiosis predation mutualism ```

symbiosis

``` Bacteria and fungi that feed on dead organisms and waste are detritivores decomposers scavengers producers ```

decomposers

``` Earthworms and crabs that feed on small particles of dead organic matter are decomposers detritivores producers scavengers ```

``` If a nutrient has a major part of its cycle as a gas, the cycle is geologic metamorphic sedimentary atmospheric gaseous ```

atmospheric

``` Organisms that get nutrients by feeding on the tissues of another living organism are carnivores herbivores omnivores parasites ```

parasites

``` The wettest and most productive biome is the temperate deciduous forest tropical rain forest savanna coniferous forest ```

tropical rain forest