Chapter Six Reading Quiz Flashcards
A reaction that is defined by building up large molecules from smaller ones is endergonic catabolic oxidizing exergonic anabolic
anabolic
A molecule that enters a process of chemical change is a production reaction product reactant
reactant
In general, enzymes work by lowering a reaction’s thermal energy potential energy activation energy kinetic energy
activation energy
A molecule that comes out of a process of chemical change is a reaction reactant production product
product
Proteins that act as catalysts in living things are enzymes cofactors substrates coenzymes
enzymes
A reaction that by definition requires energy is Anabolic Catabolic Endergonic Exergonic Oxidizing
Endergonic
Activation energy is
the minimum energy needed to get a reaction started
the difference in energy between reactants and products
the energy released by a reaction
the minimum energy needed to get a reaction started
The energy of work or movement is
potential energy
recyclable energy
kinetic energy
kinetic energy
The most common energy carrier in the cell is metal ions NAD+ ATP nanobatteries Vitamin B6
ATP
As temperature increases, enzyme activity will
increase until the enzyme denatures, then decrease
stop immediately
always decrease
always increase
increase until the enzyme denatures, then decrease
Specific reactants that are recognized by a particular enzyme are the enzyme’s products active sites activators substrates substances
substrates
Oxidation is defined as the
loss of electrons
gain of electrons
loss of electrons
A reaction that by definition releases energy is Anabolic Oxidizing Endergonic Exergonic Catabolic
Exergonic
The first law of thermodynamics (a.k.a., the law of conservation of energy) states that
Disorder increases with temperature
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed to other forms
All systems tend toward maximum disorder and lowest energy
Living systems can maintain order without any energy input
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed to other forms
If the end of a metabolic pathway regenerates reactants for the first step, the pathway is cyclic linear branched cuboidal
cyclic
If salt concentration is above or below an enzyme’s optimal level,
enzyme activity may decrease as hydrogen bonds are disrupted
the enzyme may change substrates and catalyze a different reaction
enzyme activity may increase as active sites become saturated with ions
the enzyme will continue to function normally
enzyme activity may decrease as hydrogen bonds are disrupted
The part of an enzyme that matches the shape of its substrate is the allosteric site cofactor transition state active site
active site
The energy stored in a battery is an example of
kinetic energy
potential energy
recyclable energy
potential energy
The process by which chemical change occurs is a reaction product production reactant
reaction
A reaction that is defined by breaking large molecules down into smaller ones is exergonic catabolic endergonic oxidizing anabolic
catabolic
substrate
each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical
oxidation
burning or breaking down glucose
hydrolysis
a molecule of water is inserted into a polymer which is split into smaller molecules.
-add water when breaking down carbs, lipids and proteins.
catabolism
- is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones.
- releases energy
