Chapter Six Reading Quiz

Question 1

A reaction that is defined by building up large molecules from smaller ones is
	endergonic
	catabolic
	oxidizing
	exergonic
	anabolic

Answer 1

anabolic

Question 2

A molecule that enters a process of chemical change is a
	production
	reaction
	product
	reactant

Answer 2

reactant

Question 3

In general, enzymes work by lowering a reaction’s
  thermal energy 
  potential energy 
  activation energy 
  kinetic energy

Answer 3

activation energy

Question 4

A molecule that comes out of a process of chemical change is a
  reaction 
  reactant 
  production 
  product

Answer 4

product

Question 5

Proteins that act as catalysts in living things are
  enzymes 
  cofactors 
  substrates 
  coenzymes

Answer 5

enzymes

Question 6

A reaction that by definition requires energy is
  Anabolic 
  Catabolic 
  Endergonic 
  Exergonic 
  Oxidizing

Answer 6

Endergonic

Question 7

Activation energy is
the minimum energy needed to get a reaction started
the difference in energy between reactants and products
the energy released by a reaction

Answer 7

the minimum energy needed to get a reaction started

Question 8

The energy of work or movement is
potential energy
recyclable energy
kinetic energy

Answer 8

kinetic energy

Question 9

The most common energy carrier in the cell is
  metal ions 
  NAD+ 
  ATP 
  nanobatteries 
  Vitamin B6

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

As temperature increases, enzyme activity will
increase until the enzyme denatures, then decrease
stop immediately
always decrease
always increase

Answer 10

increase until the enzyme denatures, then decrease

Question 11

Specific reactants that are recognized by a particular enzyme are the enzyme’s
  products 
  active sites 
  activators 
  substrates 
  substances

Answer 11

substrates

Question 12

Oxidation is defined as the
loss of electrons
gain of electrons

Answer 12

loss of electrons

Question 13

A reaction that by definition releases energy is
  Anabolic 
  Oxidizing 
  Endergonic 
  Exergonic 
  Catabolic

Answer 13

Exergonic

Question 14

The first law of thermodynamics (a.k.a., the law of conservation of energy) states that
Disorder increases with temperature
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed to other forms
All systems tend toward maximum disorder and lowest energy
Living systems can maintain order without any energy input

Answer 14

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed to other forms

Question 15

If the end of a metabolic pathway regenerates reactants for the first step, the pathway is
  cyclic 
  linear 
  branched 
  cuboidal

Answer 15

cyclic

Question 16

If salt concentration is above or below an enzyme’s optimal level,
enzyme activity may decrease as hydrogen bonds are disrupted
the enzyme may change substrates and catalyze a different reaction
enzyme activity may increase as active sites become saturated with ions
the enzyme will continue to function normally

Answer 16

enzyme activity may decrease as hydrogen bonds are disrupted

Question 17

The part of an enzyme that matches the shape of its substrate is the
  allosteric site 
  cofactor 
  transition state 
  active site

Answer 17

active site

Question 18

The energy stored in a battery is an example of
kinetic energy
potential energy
recyclable energy

Answer 18

potential energy

Question 19

The process by which chemical change occurs is a
  reaction 
  product 
  production 
  reactant

Answer 19

reaction

Question 20

A reaction that is defined by breaking large molecules down into smaller ones is
  exergonic 
  catabolic 
  endergonic 
  oxidizing 
  anabolic

Answer 20

catabolic

Question 21

substrate

Answer 21

each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical

Question 22

oxidation

Answer 22

burning or breaking down glucose

Question 23

hydrolysis

Answer 23

a molecule of water is inserted into a polymer which is split into smaller molecules.
-add water when breaking down carbs, lipids and proteins.

Question 24

catabolism

Answer 24

• is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones.

- releases energy

Question 25

anabolism

Answer 25

is the build up of larger molecules from smaller ones.

• stores energy
• growth and repair

Question 26

enzymes

Answer 26

(catalyst)

that control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism, as well in DNA replication and protein synthesis.

Question 27

active site

Answer 27

the part of an enzyme molecule that binds a substrate

Question 28

glycolysis

Answer 28

breakdown of glucose to produce two pyruvic acid molecules without using oxygen

Question 29

anaerobic

Answer 29

oxygen not needed

Question 30

aerobic respiration

Answer 30

• breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water
• oxygen is needed
• in mitochondria

Question 31

nucleotide

Answer 31

• unit building block of DNA & RNA
• 5 carbon sugar
• nitrogen base
• phosphate

Question 32

RNA messenger

Answer 32

• Carries a gene’s message out of the nucleus

- build protein

Question 33

DNA

Answer 33

-stores information (genetic code)
-located in nucleus
-double stranded
A-T, C-G

Question 34

-single stranded
-sugar: ribose
A-U, C-G

Answer 34

RNA