Unit 1 Population

Question 1

Birth rates

Answer 1

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Question 2

Death rates

Answer 2

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Question 3

Fertility rates

Answer 3

The number of children born to women of childbearing age (usually 15-49 years old) in a given year.

Question 4

Life expectancy

Answer 4

The average number of years a person can expect to live in a given population.

Question 5

Infant mortality rates

Answer 5

The number of deaths of infants (under 1 year old) per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Question 6

Child mortality rates

Answer 6

The number of deaths of children (under 5 years old) per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Question 7

Economically active

Answer 7

The percentage of the population who are of working age (usually 15-64 years old) and are either employed or actively seeking employment.

Question 8

Natural increase

Answer 8

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a population in a given year.

Question 9

Dependents

Answer 9

People who are not of working age (usually under 15 years old or over 64 years old) and are therefore dependent on the working population for support.

Question 10

Pro-natal policy

Answer 10

Government policies aimed at increasing the birth rate in a population.

Question 11

Anti-natal policy

Answer 11

Government policies aimed at decreasing the birth rate in a population.

Question 12

Causes of population growth

Answer 12

Factors that contribute to an increase in the size of a population, such as high birth rates, low death rates, immigration, and improved healthcare.

Question 13

Impacts of population growth

Answer 13

The effects of a growing population on the environment, economy, and society, such as increased demand for resources, overcrowding, and pressure on infrastructure.

Question 14

Migration – types, causes, pros and cons

Answer 14

The movement of people from one place to another, with different types such as internal or international migration. Causes can be voluntary or forced, and can have benefits such as cultural exchange and economic growth, but also challenges such as social tensions and strain on resources.

Question 15

Ageing population - pros and cons

Answer 15

A population with a high proportion of older people, which can have advantages such as a more experienced workforce, but also challenges such as increased healthcare costs and a shrinking labor force.

Question 16

Youthful population – pros and cons

Answer 16

A population with a high proportion of young people, which can have advantages such as a large labor force, but also challenges such as a strain on resources and infrastructure.

Question 17

Ageing population - pros and cons

Answer 17

A population with a high proportion of older people, which can have advantages such as a more experienced workforce, but also challenges such as increased healthcare costs and a shrinking labour force.

Question 18

population pyramids

Answer 18

represents age and gender in a graph.
stationary: low mortality and fertility rates - stable population
expansive: high mortality and fertility rates - many young people that die quickly
constrictive low mortality rates and contact fertility rates - more ageing population.

Question 19

DTM

Answer 19

demographic transition model. Uses the birth rate and death rate to measure the total population growth.
stage 1: industrial revolution - birth and death rates were high - constant population
stage 2: medicine was better - low death rates - population growth
stage 3: birth rate decreases - population slowly grows
stage 4: low birth rates ad death rates - stable population
stage 5: fertility rates fall - more old people

Question 20

Causes of population decline

Answer 20

Factors that lead to a decrease in the size of a population, such as low birth rates, high death rates, emigration, and disease.

Question 21

Impacts of population decline

Answer 21

The effects of a shrinking population on the economy, society, and environment, such as labor shortages, reduced demand for goods and services, and abandoned infrastructure.

Question 22

Natural increase and natural decrease

Answer 22

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a population over a given period, with a positive difference indicating natural increase and a negative difference indicating natural decrease.