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NUR Sem 2 > UNIT 1 PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

UNIT 1 PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Medications for Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline and Azithromycin (both inhibit protein synthesis)

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2
Q

Alternate Meds for Chlamydia

A

Erythromycin, ofloxacin, or levofloxacin

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3
Q

Pt education for Doxycycline

A

Avoid sun exposure
Do not take with antacids, iron, or dairy

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4
Q

Medication for HPV

A

No medication cures HPV, only treats symptoms.

Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir

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5
Q

Medications for Herpes

A

Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir (Zovirax)

+++ analgesics for pain

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6
Q

Comfort measures for Herpes

A

warm sitz bath, cotton underwear, and loose-fitting clothes

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7
Q

Meds for Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

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8
Q

Meds for Syphilis

A

Penicillin G (used for all stages & safe for pregnancy)

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9
Q

Alt meds for syphilis

A

doxycycline (unsafe in pregnancy), tetracycline (unsafe in pregnancy), erythromycin (unlikely to cure fetal infection)

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10
Q

Meds for PID

A

Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole (flagyl), ofloxacin, doxyxycline (vibramycin)

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11
Q

Pt education for Metronidazole

A

avoid alcohol & can cause numbness, pain, hives, weakeness

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12
Q

Meds for Candidiasis

A

Antifungal: Miconazole (Monistat)

Antibiotic: Ketoconazole (monitor for liver functions)

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13
Q

Pt education for ketoconazole

A

avoid sun and alcohol

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14
Q

Comfort care for candidiasis

A

sitz bath w/ oatmeal powder to decrease inflammation

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15
Q

Meds for Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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16
Q

What pharmacologic agent is indicated for pain during pregnancy?

A

Acetaminophen (analgesics)

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17
Q

What pharmacologic agent is indicated for the prevention of spina bifida during pregnancy?

A

folic acid

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18
Q

What pharmacologic agent is CONTRAINDICATED for depression during pregnancy?

A

tricyclic antidepressants

19
Q

What pharmacologic agent is indicated for the promotion of uterine relaxation during pregnancy? (minimizes risk of preterm labor)

A

progesterone

20
Q

What pharmacologic agent is indicated for blood type difference during pregnancy?

A

Rhogram (RH immune globulin)

21
Q

What pharmacologic agent is indicated for preterm labor during pregnancy?

A

Tocolytics (rifedipine)

22
Q

What pharmacologic agent is indicated for preeclamptic pt’s and preterm labor during pregnancy?

A

magnesium sulfate

23
Q

What pharmacologic agent is indicated for vomiting during pregnancy?

A

Antiemetics (promethazine, ondansetron)

24
Q

Assessment required prior to antidepressant administration

A

suicide assessment

25
Q

SSRI’s
1. Drug type
2. S/E
3. PT Education
4. Assessment

A
  1. First choice antidepressant (fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, and escitalopram)
  2. Least # of side effects; S/E are drowsiness, low libido, insomnia, dizziness
  3. Takes 3-6 weeks to take effect (depression); 8-12 weeks for therapeutic effect (anxiety)
  4. SUICIDE ASSESSMENT B4 GIVING MED - some young ppl will experience thoughts of suicide when beginning SSRI
26
Q

SNRI’s
1. Drug type
2. S/E
3. Assessment

A
  1. Antidepressant (duloxetine/Cymbalta)
  2. S/E are HTN, nausea, dizziness, swelling, loss of appetite, abnormal dreams
  3. SUICIDE ASSESSMENT B4 GIVING MED
27
Q

TRICYCLICS (3rd or 4th tier choice)
1. Drug type
2. S/E
3. PT considerations
4. Assessment

A
  1. LAST CHOICE Antidepressant b/c side effects (amitryptyline, amoxapine, clomipramine (used for OCD), imipramine)
  2. jitteriness (when first taken), constipation, increased eye pressure, urinary retention, rash, sexual dysfunction, liver failure, abd. cramps, HTN, seizures, AFIB, etc….
  3. May increase anxiety in older adults, start w/ low dose
  4. SUICIDE ASSESSMENT B4 GIVING MED
28
Q

MAOI’s (2nd or 3rd tier choice)
1. Drug type
2. PT Education
3. Assessment
4. PT !!! Consideration

A

1.LAST CHOICE Antidepressant
2. Foods including tyramine for example, chocolate, red wine, cheese, nuts, tofu, many meats, beans, fruit (raspb., pineal., plums, figs)
3. SUICIDE ASSESSMENT B4 GIVING MED
4. NEVER USED AS FIRST LINE MED, FATAL INTERACTION W/ Phenelzine, Selegiline, and Isocarboxazid

29
Q

LITHIUM
1. Drug type
2. Dosage considerations
3. PT Education
4. Assessment

A
  1. Anti-psychotic; first choice for MANIA in BIPOLAR DISORDER
  2. Begin w/ lower dose to prevent toxicity, should be taken w/ Birth Control to prevent pregnancy
  3. Pt needs to know signs of LITHIUM TOXICITY, DO NOT USE DURING BREAST FEEDING
  4. PREGNANCY TEST BEFORE, Kidney & liver function, blood range (very narrow therapeutic blood range b4 toxicity)
30
Q

LITHIUM LIVER TOXICITY SIGNS

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscular weakness, lack of coordination

SEVERE: ataxia, giddiness, tinnitus, blurred vision, large output of dilute urine

31
Q

LITHIUM LONG-TERM S/E

A

thirst, frequent urination, tremors, diarrhea, weight gain, edema

32
Q

Anti-epileptic Drugs
1. Drug usage in mood disorders
2. S/E
3. PT Consideration/Assessment

A
  1. Mood stabilizer for episodes of bipolar disorder (Carbamazepine, Valpropic acid/valproate, and Lamotrigine)
  2. In elderly patients, causes POTS, anticholinergic adverse effects, extrapyramidal symptoms
  3. Carbamazepine can cause toxicity, be mindful of the therapeutic blood range
33
Q

Consideration for ALL mood spectrum disorder MEDICATIONS

A

CANNOT BE ABRUPTLY STOPPED

34
Q

Beta blocker
1. Use
2. MOA
3. S/E
4. Contra-indications

A

Propranolol, Metoprolol, Clonidide, Atenolol
1. PRN for anxiety (traumatic nightmares, extrapyramidal S/E of antipsychotics, performance anxiety) - decreases tremors and tachycardia
2. blocks effect of norepinephrine & epinephrine
3. postural hypotension, dizziness, brady
4. heart block, glaucoma, diabetes, bradycardia

35
Q

Benzodiazepines
1. Use
2. MOA
3. RISK
4. S/E
5. Contra-indications

A

Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Diazepam
1. Scheduled dose or PRN (as needed) for SHORT-TERM management of anxiety
2. inhibits nerve activity by enhancing effect of neurotransmitter GABA
3. highly addictive & can cause life threatening withdrawal (not for long term use)
4. CNS sedation (dizziness & sedation) & rebound anxiety
5. alcohol use

36
Q

Non-Benzo Anti-anxiolytic
1. Use
2. Pt consideration
3. S/E
4. MOA

A

Buspirone & Hydroxyzine
1. Anxiety relief
2. Less effective for pt’s sensitized to benzo’s
3.
4. Buspirone MOA: diminishes serotonin activity (less CNS sedation); Hydroxyzine MOA: blocks histamine 1 receptor to promote sedation

37
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors
1. Use
2. MOA

A

Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Memantine
1. used to maintain memory in those w/ Alzheimer’s (for a few months to 1 year)
2. blocks cholinesterase (breaks down acetylcholine)

38
Q

Glutamate receptor antagonist
1. Use

A

delays functional decline in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s

39
Q

Anti-hypertensives, such as beta-blockers, can cause adverse changes in ___?

A. Cognition
B. Sexuality
C. Reproduction

A

COGNITION

40
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors
1. Use
2. MOA
3. Length of effectiveness

A

Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

  1. Used to treat decreased memory and cognition in AD
  2. blocks cholinesterase to prevent breakdown of acetylcholine ; *Memantine protects nerve cells from excessive glutamate
  3. Effective for a few months to a year
41
Q

Glutamate receptor antagonist (NMDA receptor antagonist)
1. Use
2. MOA

A

Memantine
1. Delays functional decline in moderate to severe AD
2. protects nerve cells from excess amounts of glutamate

42
Q

Which antipsychotics are used in AD for behavioral problems?

A

Haloperidol (haldol) and Risperidone (risperdal)

43
Q

Which benzodiazepine is used for behavioral problems in AD?

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)

NUR Sem 2 (14 decks)

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