Antihypertensive and Anticoagulants Medications Flashcards
-PRIL
ACE INHIBITOR
-SARTAN
ARBs
-OLOL
BETA BLOCKERS
-DIPINE
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
-OXIN
DIGITALIS (Cardiac glycosides)
-IDE, -THIAZIDE, -ACTONE
DIURETICS
Side effects of antihypertensive
Orthostatic Hypotension
Rebound hypertension
Must-Know Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors
Angioedema (!!!), Dry Cough (Normal), Elevated K+ (can cause cardiac dysrhythmias!!!)
Therapeutic Use of ACE Inhibitors
Hypertension, heart failure, MI
Nursing Considerations
Monitor renal function
Unsafe during pregnancy
Must Know Side-Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
D’s of Clonidine
* Bradycardia
* Orthostatic hypotension
* Dry mouth
* Drowsiness
* Dizziness
* Depression of CNS
Therapeutic Use of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
Hypertension & hypertensive crisis
Alcohol & controlled drug withdrawal
Anxiety
ADHD
Must-Know Side Effects of Beta Blockers
B’s of Beta Blockers
* Bradycardia & heart blocks
* Bronchospasms or bronchoconstriction (ASTHMA!!!)
* Bad for heart failure patients
* Blood sugar masking (masks hypoglycemia)
* Hypotension
* Blocks beta-1 & beta-2 receptors
Therapeutic Uses of Beta Blockers
Hypertension
Tachycardia & SVT
Stable angina
Chronic & compensated heart failure
Dysrhythmias
Anxiety
Selective Beta-Blockers Difference (1 vs 2)
Beta-1 is Heart
Beta-2 is Lungs
Must-Know Side Effects for Calcium Channel Blockers
Orthostatic hypotension & dizziness
Constipation
Flushing
Headache
Peripheral edema
Therapeutic Uses of Calcium Channel Blockers
Hypertension, stable angina, dysrhythmias
Antidote for Heparin vs Warfarin (Anticoagulants)
Heparin: Protamine sulfate
Warfarin: Vitamin K
Route for Heparin vs Warfarin
Heparin: IV or SubQ (NOT ORALLY)
Warfarin: Orally (PO)
Heparin vs Warfarin in Pregnancy?
Heparin: Safe for pregnancy
Warfarin: TERATOGENIC
Onset of Heparin vs Warfarin
Heparin: RAPID (minutes)
Warfarin: Slow (24-72 hours)
Duration of Heparin vs Warfarin
Heparin: Short-term therapy
Warfarin: Long-term therapy
Monitoring of Heparin vs Warfarin
Heparin: aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
Warfarin: PT/INR (international normalized ration)
Therapeutic Use of Heparin vs Warfarin
Heparin: prevents NEW clots
Warfarin: prevents CURRENT clots from getting bigger (e.g., DVT)
Side effects of Heparin and Warfarin
Bleeding (mild to severe)
1. Bruising
2. Petechiae
3. Bloody stool
4. Vomiting (coffee grounds)
PT Education for Heparin
- SubQ in the belly
- 2 inches from umbilicus
- 90 degree angle
- Do not massage injection site
PT Education for Warfarin
Be consistent with vitamin K intake (liver and leafy green vegetables)
Bleeding Precautions for Warfarin and Heparin
AVOID:
* NSAIDs, aspiring, antibiotics, alcohol
* Flossing
* Contact sports
* Bowel straining
* Falls
USE electric razor ONLY and medical bracelet
