Unit 1-Periodic Table and Atomic Structure Topic 2

Question 1

Everything in the world is made up of atoms. Name the three smaller particles which make up atoms.

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

Describe the charge, mass and position within the atom of protons.

Answer 2

Protons are positively charged, have a mass of 1 amu and are found in the nucleus.

Question 3

Describe the charge, mass and position with the atom of neutrons.

Answer 3

Neutrons have no charge (neutral), have a mass of 1 amu and found in the nucleus

Question 4

Describe the charge, mass and position within the atom of electrons.

Answer 4

Electrons are negatively charged, have a mass of nearly 0 and found in circles called energy levels around the nucleus.

Question 5

How many electrons can fit in the

• 1st energy shell
• 2nd energy shell
• 3rd energy shell

Answer 5

• 2
• 8
• 8

Question 6

What is the electron arrangement of

1. Carbon (6 electrons)
2. Lithium (3 electrons)
3. Calcium (20 electrons)

Answer 6

1. 2,4
2. 2,1
3. 2,8,8,2

Question 7

Explain how an atom can contain charged particles yet be uncharged overall.

Answer 7

They contain the same number of positive protons as negative electrons or the charges cancel.

Question 8

What is an isotope?

Answer 8

Same atomic number/protons and different mass number/mass/number of neutrons

Question 9

What is meant by relative atomic mass?

Answer 9

Relative atomic mass is the average mass of the isotopes present, taking into account their relative proportions.

Question 10

What is an ion and how are they formed?

Answer 10

An ion is a charged atom formed by the gain or loss of electrons

Question 11

What name is given to this way of representing an atom?

Answer 11

Nuclide Notation

Question 12

What do the numbers represent in this diagram?

Answer 12

The atom has a mass number of 12 and atomic number of 6.

It has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons.

Question 13

Why does a metal atom form a positive ion?

Answer 13

It loses an electron so that there are a greater number of positive protons than negative electrons so the charge is positive.

Question 14

Why does a non-metal form a negative ion?

Answer 14

It gains an electron so there are more negative electrons than positive protons so the charge is negative

Question 15

What is RAM?

Answer 15

relative atomic masse

Question 16

How is the RAM calculated?

Answer 16

The average atomic mass has been calculated for each element using the mass and proportion of each isotope present.

Question 17

How are Ions formed?

Answer 17

Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain the stable electron arrangement of a noble gas.

Question 18

Why are Ions formed?

Answer 18

To obtain the stable electron arrangement of a noble gas.

Question 19

How do ionic chemical bonds form?

Answer 19

Atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain the stable electron arrangement of a noble gas.

Question 20

An ion of Calcium has 18 electrons, 20 protons and 20 neutrons. what is the charge on this ion?

Answer 20

Ca²⁺

Question 21

An Ion of Fluorine has 10 electrons, 9 protons and 10 neutrons. What is the charge on this ion?

Answer 21

F^-

Question 22

What is the nuclide notation for an atom of Calcium which has 20 electrons, 20 protons and 20 neutrons?

Answer 22

40

Ca

20

Question 23

What is the nuclide notation for an ion of Magnesium which has 10 electrons, 12protons and 12 neutrons?

Answer 23

24

Mg²⁺

12

Question 24

27

Al³⁺

13

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are present?

Answer 24

Protons =atomic number=13

Neutrons = mass number-atomic number=27-13=14

Electrons = protons -charge =13-(+3)=10

Question 25

31

P^3-

15

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are present?

Answer 25

Protons =atomic number=15

Neutrons = mass number-atomic number=31-15=16

Electrons = protons -charge =15-(-3)=18

Question 26

Group 1 of the periodic table is called?

Answer 26

Alkali Metals

Question 27

Group 7 of the periodic table?

Answer 27

Halogens

Question 28

Group 0 of the periodic table?

Answer 28

Noble gases

Question 29

What do we call the rows on the periodic table?

Answer 29

Periods

Question 30

What do we call the columns on the periodic table?

Answer 30

Groups

Question 31

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 31

Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Question 32

What do the group elements have in common?

Answer 32

Elements within a group share the same valency and have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.

Question 33

An element has an electron arrangement of 2,8,18,8,1 what group would it belong in?

Answer 33

Group 1

Elements within a group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.

Question 34

An element has an electron arrangement of 2,8,8 what group would it belong in?

Answer 34

Group 0

Elements within a group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.

Question 35

An element has an electron arrangement of 2,8,18,7 what group would it belong in?

Answer 35

Group 7

Elements within a group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.

Question 36

What are the two liquid elements in the periodic table?

Answer 36

Mercury (Hg) a metal

Bromine (Br) a non-metal