Unit 1-Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

acid

A

An aqueous solution of a substance which has a pH less than 7. There is an excess of hydrogen ions, H+ in the solution.

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2
Q

alkali

A

An aqueous solution of a substance with a pH greater than 7 . There is an excess of hydroxide ions, OH- , in the solution.

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3
Q

alkali metals

A
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4
Q

Aqueous (aq)

A

Indicates that the substance has been dissolved in water.

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5
Q

atom

A

The smallest particle that can be obtained by chemical means. An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons

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6
Q

atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

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7
Q

base

A

A compound which neutralises an acid to form a salt and water. Bases can be soluble or insoluble. Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are bases. Soluble bases form alkaline solutions

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8
Q

covalent bond

A

Formed when non-metal atoms join together by sharing electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons (electron arrangement the same as the nearest noble gas, group 0).

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9
Q

covalent compounds

A

A compound of non-metal atoms held together by covalent bonds.

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10
Q

Covalent network

A

A large structure of covalently bonded atoms.

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11
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

Contain two atoms. They can be elements e.g. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine (H2,O2,N2,F2,Cl2,Br2,I2) or compounds e.g. hydrogen chloride, HCl

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12
Q

electrolysis

A

The process of breaking down of an ionic compound into its elements by the use of an electric current.

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13
Q

electron

A

A very small negatively-charged particle found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

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14
Q

Electron arrangement

A

The arrangement of electrons in shells (or energy levels) around the nucleus of an atom.

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15
Q

element

A

A substance containing only one kind of atom. It cannot be broken down further by chemical means.

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16
Q

endothermic

A

In an endothermic reaction, energy is taken in from the surroundings. There is a decrease in temperature.

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17
Q

exothermic

A

A reaction in which heat energy is released. There is a rise in temperature.

18
Q

groups

A

A vertical column in the periodic table

19
Q

halogens

A

A group of very reactive non-metal elements in Group 7 of the periodic table.

20
Q

Indicator

A

A substance which changes colour at a particular pH.

21
Q

ion

A

A charged particle formed by loss or gain of electrons. When atoms lose an electron they become a positive ion (usually metals). When they gain an electron they become a negative ion (usually a non-metal).

22
Q

ionic compound

A

An ionic compound occurs when a negative ion (an atom that has gained an electron) joins with a positive ion (an atom that has lost an electron). This is usually a metal/non-metal compound.

23
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with a different structural formula.

24
Q

isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons (different mass number).

25
lattice
A lattice is a regular grid-like arrangement of ions in a solid ionic compound.
26
***mass number***
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
27
Mixture
Two or more substances together, but not chemically joined. They can be separated by physical means, e.g. filtering or distillation.
28
Mole
One mole of an element is its atomic mass expressed in grams.
29
molecule
A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
30
neutron
A particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom, has a mass of 1 amu but no charge.
31
noble gases
The elements in Group 0/8 of the periodic table. They have a full outer shell of electrons and so are unreactive.
32
Nucleus
Found at the centre of an atom, the nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
33
periods
The horizontal rows of the periodic table.
34
Periodic table
The table of elements set out in order of their atomic number.
35
pH
The number indicating the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, on a continuous scale. pH less than 7 is acidic, pH 7 is neutral and greater than 7 is alkaline.
36
***Precipitate***
The insoluble solid formed in a solution during a chemical reaction.
37
relative atomic mass
The average mass of the atoms of an element.
38
solute
The material that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
39
solution
Formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.
40
solvent
The liquid in which the solute dissolves in to form a solution.