Unit 1 - Particle Theory Flashcards
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a liquid.
Random arrangement with at least 50% touching. Particles move around each other.
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas.
Random arrangement, no particles touching, moving quickly and in all directions. Large spaces between particles.
Describe the forces of attraction of particles in a solid, liquid and gas.
Solid - strong forces of attraction.
Liquid - weaker forces of attraction.
Gas - no forces of attraction.
For liquids and gases the phrase ‘intermolecular forces’ could be used.
Why are liquids incompressible?
There are no spaces between the particles of a liquid.
What do particles of a gas fill the volume of a container?
Particles have no forces of attraction between them and move quickly and randomly in all directions.
Why do solids have a fixed shape?
Particles have strong forces of attraction between them meaning they can only vibrate about fixed points.
Why do liquids and gases expand when heated?
Particles gain energy, they move faster and further apart. (The liquid and gas expands and becomes less dense).
Why does a solid expand when heated?
The particles gain energy and vibrate more, taking up more space.
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid.
All touching in rows. Particles vibrate about a fixed point.
Describe condensation.
Particles in a gas hit a cooler surface. They lose energy to the surface and change to particles in a liquid.
Describe evaporation in terms of particles.
Particles with enough energy overcome the forces of attraction between particles in a liquid and become particles of a gas.
