Biology Unit 2

Question 1

What parts does a plant cell have, that an animal cell doesn’t?

Answer 1

Cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts.

Question 2

What is the purpose of a nucleus?

Answer 2

A nucleus controls the activities of the cell.

Question 3

What is the purpose of a cytoplasm?

Answer 3

A cytoplasm is where most chemical reactions take place.

Question 4

What part of a cell controls what comes in an out of the cell?

Answer 4

The cell membrane.

Question 5

What cell part is responsible for respiration?

Answer 5

Mitochondria.

Question 6

Where in the cell does protein synthesis occur?

Answer 6

Ribosomes.

Question 7

Which cell part is responsible for photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Chloroplasts.

Question 8

Define defusion.

Answer 8

The spreading of particles from a an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 9

Name the parts of the digestive system.

Answer 9

Pancreas, the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the liver.

Question 10

What do xylem and phloem do?

Answer 10

Transport food, water and minerals around the plant.

Question 11

What is the part of a plant leaf that allows gas exchange? Where is it located on the leaf?

Answer 11

The stomata are located mostly on the underside of the leaf.

Question 12

Write down the equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 12

light

Carbon dioxide + water ——-> glucose + oxygen

Question 13

What cells does photosynthesis mostly occur in? Why?

Answer 13

Mesophyll cells. They contain lots of choloplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll.

Question 14

Name five physical factors that affect organisms.

Answer 14

Temperature, nutrients, light, water, gasses (e.g. oxygen)

Question 15

What is made up of long chains of amino acids?

Answer 15

Protein.

Question 16

What do pathogens carry?

Answer 16

Antigens.

Question 17

What are antigens attached to?

Answer 17

Pathogens.

Question 18

What is an enzyme? And what does it do?

Answer 18

Enzymes are biological catalyst that brings about a specific biochemical reaction.

Question 19

What effect do enzymes have on activation energy of a reaction?

Answer 19

Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a reaction.

Question 20

What does it mean when we say that an enzyme is denatured? Don’t talk about pH.

Answer 20

An enzyme is called denatured when it’s active site changes shape. When it does, the substrate no longer fits. This happens at around 40 Celsius.

Question 21

What effect does pH have on an enzyme?

Answer 21

pH affects the forces that hold the enzyme molecule together. Changes in pH can change the shape of the active site.

Question 22

What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars?

Answer 22

Amylase.

Question 23

Protease is an enzyme. What does it help us do?

Answer 23

Break down protein into amino acids.

Question 24

Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyses this reaction?

Answer 24

Lipase.

Question 25

What is isomerise used for industrially?

Answer 25

It is used to convert glucose into fructose, which is much sweeter.

Question 26

Name the type of respiration that doesn’t use oxygen.

Answer 26

Anaerobic respiration.

Question 27

Does aerobic respiration involve oxygen?

Answer 27

Yup.

Question 28

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy.

What is this equation of?

Answer 28

Aerobic respiration.

Question 29

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 29

In the muscles.

Question 30

Write down the equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 30

Glucose —-> lactic acid + some energy

Question 31

What causes muscle fatigue?

Answer 31

The buildup of lactic acid in the muscles.

Question 32

What are chromosomes made up of?

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

How many chromosomes are there in a typical human body cell?

Answer 33

23

Question 34

Difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of the number of daughter cells?

Answer 34

Mitosis: 2 daughter cells
Meiosis: 4 daughter cells

Question 35

What did Mendel study?

Answer 35

Principles of inheritance in pea plants.

Question 36

What do we call different forms of the same gene?

Answer 36

Alleles.

Question 37

What does a phenotype describe?

Answer 37

The observable, visual characteristics that an organism has.

Question 38

What does a genotype tell us?

Answer 38

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 39

What’s the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype?

Answer 39

Homozygous has 2 identical alleles.

Heterozygous has 2 different alleles.

Question 40

What do we call a genotype that has 2 different alleles?

Answer 40

Heterozygous.

Question 41

A homozygous has 2 alleles. Are they different or the same?

Answer 41

Same.

Question 42

What makes it difficult for individuals to survive?

Answer 42

Predators, diseases, environmental changes, catastrophes.

Question 43

Isolation, genetic variation and natural selection can lead to….

Answer 43

…a new species.

Question 44

Name the parts of an animal cell

Answer 44

Nucleus, cytoplasm, rimosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane.