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Psychology > Unit 1: Overview > Flashcards

Unit 1: Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

Empiricism

A

Come to know things through experience so science should follow suit.

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

Used by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener which encouraged subjects to look inward to reveal the structure of their mind.

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3
Q

Functionalist

A

William James developed how our minds and behaviors work and how they benefit the organism.

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4
Q

Experimental Psychology

A

Using experiments to advance ideas pertaining to the study of the mind and behaviors.

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5
Q

Behaviorists

A

Learn by observing and only studies behavior.

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6
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Studies how the environment can alter our growth potential.

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7
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

Study of the link between brain activity and cognition

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8
Q

Psychology

A

Science of the mind and behaviors.

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9
Q

Nature-Nurture Issue

A

Whether what environment you are in influences you more than your genes.

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10
Q

Natural Selection

A

The adaptations that contribute to survival will prevail and the organism evolves.

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11
Q

Levels of analysis

A

Different lenses to look at different situations through to see different causes.

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12
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

Uses all lenses to analyze a situation

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13
Q

Behavioral psychology

A

Studying visible behaviors.

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14
Q

Biological Psychology

A

How the anatomy of our unique nerves influences our behavior

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15
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Study of everything that is happening in our minds - not anatomically

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16
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Using natural selection to guide the study of how the mind evolves

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17
Q

Psychodynamic Psychology

A

Looking internally and seeing what unconscious drives do to our behavior

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18
Q

Social-Cultural Psychology

A

The effect of different cultures and situations have on our thinking.

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19
Q

Psychometrics

A

How to measure human abilities

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20
Q

Basic research

A

Increase what the scientific community knows

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21
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Changes of the mind from before birth to death.

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22
Q

Educational Psychology

A

How to improve teaching techniques with psychology

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23
Q

Personality Psychology

A

Personal Psychology - what makes you different

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24
Q

Social Psychology

A

How we view and affect each other

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25
Q

Applied research

A

Solving practical problems

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26
Q

Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology

A

Practical psychology in the workplace

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27
Q

Human factors psychology

A

Part of I/O that explains the relationships between machines and people

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28
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

Counseling and therapy

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29
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

People with disorders - more intense

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30
Q

Psychiatry

A

Can prescribe drugs and treat disorders

31
Q

Positive psychology

A

Explains positive emotions - good lives

32
Q

Community Psychology

A

Social aspect of people’s lives - study of

33
Q

Testing Effect

A

Self-testing to ‘retrieve’ material

34
Q

SQ3R

A

Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review

35
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

Thinking the outcome was obvious after the event takes place

36
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Examines all the evidence that led to a conclusion before accepting or rejecting

37
Q

Theory

A

Something that explains a larger set of facts or principles

38
Q

Hypotheses

A

Testable prediction

39
Q

Operational Definitions

A

Statement that has a definition attached

40
Q

Replication

A

Repeat

41
Q

Case Study

A

Examine one individual or group in depth

42
Q

Naturalistic Observations

A

Watch and document behavior without manipulation

43
Q

Survey

A

Line of questioning to reveal self-reported attitudes or behaviors

44
Q

Sampling Bias

A

Doesn’t properly represent the population

45
Q

Population

A

All the people in the group

46
Q

Random Sample

A

The selection is random

47
Q

Correlation

A

How two things change together so you can measure one variable by looking at the other

48
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

Statistical Measure - r

49
Q

Scatterplots

A

Graphed dots

50
Q

Illusory correlation

A

You think a relationship exists but it doesn’t

51
Q

Experiment

A

You manipulate the situation

52
Q

Experiment Group

A

They are exposed to the treatment

53
Q

Control Group

A

Does nothing - control

54
Q

Randomly Assign

A

Assigning participants to each group randomly

55
Q

Double-Blind Procedure

A

Everyone is ignorant of whether they are experimental or control (even researchers)

56
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Reactions caused by expectations

57
Q

Independent Variable

A

The factor that is manipulated

58
Q

Confounding Variable

A

Other factors that could effect the experiment

59
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Can change depending on the independent variable

60
Q

Validity

A

Valid experiment

61
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Numerical data that provides a vehicle for the descriptive characteristics of groups

62
Q

Histogram

A

Bar Graph

63
Q

Mode

A

Most often appearing scores in data

64
Q

Mean

A

Average

65
Q

Median

A

Middle of data

66
Q

Skewed Distribution

A

Distribution is lopsided - lack symmetry around average value

67
Q

Range

A

Difference between high and low

68
Q

Standard Deviation

A

How much variance there is around the mean

69
Q

Normal Curve

A

Bell curve that is typical

70
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Apply sample data to larger population

71
Q

Statistical Significance

A

How likely a result was a fluke

72
Q

Culture

A

Shared ideas and behaviors that endure generation to generation

73
Q

Informed Consent

A

Participants know enough about the research to consent to participate

74
Q

Debrief

A

Explain experiment afterwards to participants

Psychology (5 decks)

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