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Anatomy and Physiology > UNIT 1 (MODULE 1) LECTURE 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 (MODULE 1) LECTURE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy comes from the Greek words “ana” and “tome” meaning?

A

“ana” means apart

“tome” meaning to cut

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2
Q

What is Anatomy based on Merieb, 2004?

A

Anatomy is the study of body structures, their parts, and shape and their relationship with one another

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3
Q

What is Anatomy based on Britiller, 2008?

A

Anatomy is the study of body structures and parts and how it is organized

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4
Q

How many Divisions does Anatomy have?

A

3 divisions

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5
Q

What are the 3 divisions of Anatomy?

A 
Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic Anatomy)
Microscopic Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)
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6
Q

What is the other term for Gross Anatomy?

A

Macroscopic Anatomy

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7
Q

What is the other term for Developmental Anatomy?

A

Embryology

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8
Q

What is the definition of Gross Anatomy?

A

is the study of body structures that can be seen by the naked eyes.

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9
Q

What is the definition of Microscopic Anatomy?

A

is the study of body structures that cannot be seen by the naked eyes and can only be seen through the use of a microscope

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10
Q

What is the definition of Developmental Anatomy?

A

is the study of body structures and parts of a living organism from its conception till birth

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11
Q

How many methods are there in studying Anatomy?

A

6 methods

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12
Q

What are the methods in studying Anatomy?

A

Regional Anatomy, Systemic Anatomy, Surface Anatomy, Radiographic Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Applied Anatomy

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13
Q

What is the meaning of Regional Anatomy?

A

are the study body structures and their parts based on the 9 regions in the body

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14
Q

What is the meaning of Systemic Anatomy?

A

are the study of body structures and their parts based on the body system

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15
Q

What is the meaning of Surface Anatomy?

A

are the study of body structures and their parts using delineation and palpation

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16
Q

What is the meaning of Radiographic Anatomy?

A

are the study of body structures and their parts using x-ray plates/ or baka x-ray machine

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17
Q

What is the meaning of Neuroanatomy?

A

is a study relating the nervous system and its relation with the other parts of the body

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18
Q

What is the meaning of Applied Anatomy?

A

are the study of body structure and their parts using the methods of dissection and the application of clinical anatomy

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19
Q

What are the 2 divisions of Microscopic Anatomy?

A

Cytology and Histology

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20
Q

What is Cytology?

A

is the study of cells

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21
Q

What is Histology?

A

is the study of tissues

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22
Q

Physiology came from the Greek words “physio” and “ology” meaning?

A

“physio” means nature

“ology” means the study of

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23
Q

What is the definition of Physiology?

A

is the study of body functions, how it works relating to anatomy

24
Q

How many methods are there in studying physiology?

A

3 methods

25
Q

What are the 3 methods in studying physiology?

A

General Physiology, Cell Physiology, and Pathophysiology

26
Q

What is the definition of General Physiology?

A

is the study of the body’s normal functioning by studying homeostasis

27
Q

What is the definition of Cell Physiology?

A

is the study of the cells normal functioning

28
Q

What is the definition of Pathophysiology?

A

is the study of disorders or abnormalities of a body’s normal and healthy functioning

29
Q

What is Pathology?

A

is the study of disorders or abnormalities

30
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

is the “state of being balance” “state of being in equilibrium” despite the changes brought by a stimulus
it contributes to maintaining the balance in an individual’s internal environment

31
Q

What is the Internal environment?

A

consists of fluids surrounding body cells

32
Q

What is Extracellular fluid?

A

are fluids surrounding the body cells

33
Q

What is the correct order of an Individual’s Structural Unit (Organism Level)?

A

Chemicals, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ System, and Organism

34
Q

What are cells?

A

are the smallest living thing. Also, it is the most basic structural and functional unit of all living things

35
Q

What are tissues?

A

are groups of cells that have similar shape and function

36
Q

What are organs?

A

groups of tissues that have specific functions inside a living organism. Organs of a specific body system
basic unit of body systems

37
Q

What is Organ System?

A

groups of organs that have specific and unified functions and are related to one another

38
Q

What is the importance of studying Anatomy and Physiology?

A
  • it is important because it enables individuals with the program in the medical field to have a clear understanding of how the human body maintains its healthy and normal state despite internal and external stimulus by the process called homeostasis.
  • also, because it enables us to differentiate the body’s normal structures and functioning from abnormalities through relating it to pathology
39
Q

What’s is the correct order of Structural Organization (Molecular-level)?

A

Sub-atomic particle, Atom, Molecules, Organelles, and Cells

40
Q

Why is it important to know the chemical level?

A
  • because the human body is indeed made up of different chemicals
  • because the body functions and physiological mechanisms are indeed Physico-chemical reactions
  • and because Chemistry overlaps Biology (Biochemistry)
41
Q

What is the two division of Chemical Level?

A

Inorganic Substances/Chemical and Organic Substance/Chemical

42
Q

What is Organic Substance/Chemical?

A

are complex substances that are composed of hydrocarbon compounds (compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon)

43
Q

What is Inorganic Substance/Chemical?

A

are simple substances that are non-living. Does not contain any carbon elements but CO2 is an exemption

44
Q

What are the Inorganic Substances in the human body? How many are they?

A
  1. Water, Ion, Acids, Bases, and Salt
45
Q

What is Water?

A

is an inorganic compound; know as the universal solvent

46
Q

What are Ions?

A

are the chemically charged particles. These are the atoms or molecules that gain and lose electrons

47
Q

What are Acids?

A

are compounds that donate hydrogen proton - based on Bronsted Lowry Theory

48
Q

What are Bases?

A

are compounds that accept H+ (hydrogen) proton - based on Brosted Lowry Theory

49
Q

What are Salts?

A

are the minerals seen inside the human body;

are compounds formed from the neutralization of acid and bases

50
Q

What is Bronsted Lowry Theory?

A

proton theory of acid and bases

51
Q

What is the single unit of body systems?

A

organs

52
Q

What is the basic structural and functional unit of a living organism?

A

Cells

53
Q

What is the other term of Regional Anatomy?

A

Topographic Anatomy

54
Q

Where is the centre of the body located?

A

approximately anterior to the second sacral vertebra

55
Q

What is the Frontal/Transverse/right-left axis?

A

a line that runs from right to left through the centre of the body

56
Q

What is the Antero-posterior axis/sagittal axis?

A

a line that runs from front to the back through the centre of the body

57
Q

What is the Craniocaudal/Longitudinal axis?

A

a line that runs from the superior to inferior through the centre of the body

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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