UNIT 1 (MODULE 1) LECTURE 1 Flashcards
Anatomy comes from the Greek words “ana” and “tome” meaning?
“ana” means apart
“tome” meaning to cut
What is Anatomy based on Merieb, 2004?
Anatomy is the study of body structures, their parts, and shape and their relationship with one another
What is Anatomy based on Britiller, 2008?
Anatomy is the study of body structures and parts and how it is organized
How many Divisions does Anatomy have?
3 divisions
What are the 3 divisions of Anatomy?
Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic Anatomy) Microscopic Anatomy Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)
What is the other term for Gross Anatomy?
Macroscopic Anatomy
What is the other term for Developmental Anatomy?
Embryology
What is the definition of Gross Anatomy?
is the study of body structures that can be seen by the naked eyes.
What is the definition of Microscopic Anatomy?
is the study of body structures that cannot be seen by the naked eyes and can only be seen through the use of a microscope
What is the definition of Developmental Anatomy?
is the study of body structures and parts of a living organism from its conception till birth
How many methods are there in studying Anatomy?
6 methods
What are the methods in studying Anatomy?
Regional Anatomy, Systemic Anatomy, Surface Anatomy, Radiographic Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Applied Anatomy
What is the meaning of Regional Anatomy?
are the study body structures and their parts based on the 9 regions in the body
What is the meaning of Systemic Anatomy?
are the study of body structures and their parts based on the body system
What is the meaning of Surface Anatomy?
are the study of body structures and their parts using delineation and palpation
What is the meaning of Radiographic Anatomy?
are the study of body structures and their parts using x-ray plates/ or baka x-ray machine
What is the meaning of Neuroanatomy?
is a study relating the nervous system and its relation with the other parts of the body
What is the meaning of Applied Anatomy?
are the study of body structure and their parts using the methods of dissection and the application of clinical anatomy
What are the 2 divisions of Microscopic Anatomy?
Cytology and Histology
What is Cytology?
is the study of cells
What is Histology?
is the study of tissues
Physiology came from the Greek words “physio” and “ology” meaning?
“physio” means nature
“ology” means the study of
What is the definition of Physiology?
is the study of body functions, how it works relating to anatomy
How many methods are there in studying physiology?
3 methods
What are the 3 methods in studying physiology?
General Physiology, Cell Physiology, and Pathophysiology
What is the definition of General Physiology?
is the study of the body’s normal functioning by studying homeostasis
What is the definition of Cell Physiology?
is the study of the cells normal functioning
What is the definition of Pathophysiology?
is the study of disorders or abnormalities of a body’s normal and healthy functioning
What is Pathology?
is the study of disorders or abnormalities
What is Homeostasis?
is the “state of being balance” “state of being in equilibrium” despite the changes brought by a stimulus
it contributes to maintaining the balance in an individual’s internal environment
What is the Internal environment?
consists of fluids surrounding body cells
What is Extracellular fluid?
are fluids surrounding the body cells
What is the correct order of an Individual’s Structural Unit (Organism Level)?
Chemicals, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ System, and Organism
What are cells?
are the smallest living thing. Also, it is the most basic structural and functional unit of all living things
What are tissues?
are groups of cells that have similar shape and function
What are organs?
groups of tissues that have specific functions inside a living organism. Organs of a specific body system
basic unit of body systems
What is Organ System?
groups of organs that have specific and unified functions and are related to one another
What is the importance of studying Anatomy and Physiology?
- it is important because it enables individuals with the program in the medical field to have a clear understanding of how the human body maintains its healthy and normal state despite internal and external stimulus by the process called homeostasis.
- also, because it enables us to differentiate the body’s normal structures and functioning from abnormalities through relating it to pathology
What’s is the correct order of Structural Organization (Molecular-level)?
Sub-atomic particle, Atom, Molecules, Organelles, and Cells
Why is it important to know the chemical level?
- because the human body is indeed made up of different chemicals
- because the body functions and physiological mechanisms are indeed Physico-chemical reactions
- and because Chemistry overlaps Biology (Biochemistry)
What is the two division of Chemical Level?
Inorganic Substances/Chemical and Organic Substance/Chemical
What is Organic Substance/Chemical?
are complex substances that are composed of hydrocarbon compounds (compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon)
What is Inorganic Substance/Chemical?
are simple substances that are non-living. Does not contain any carbon elements but CO2 is an exemption
What are the Inorganic Substances in the human body? How many are they?
- Water, Ion, Acids, Bases, and Salt
What is Water?
is an inorganic compound; know as the universal solvent
What are Ions?
are the chemically charged particles. These are the atoms or molecules that gain and lose electrons
What are Acids?
are compounds that donate hydrogen proton - based on Bronsted Lowry Theory
What are Bases?
are compounds that accept H+ (hydrogen) proton - based on Brosted Lowry Theory
What are Salts?
are the minerals seen inside the human body;
are compounds formed from the neutralization of acid and bases
What is Bronsted Lowry Theory?
proton theory of acid and bases
What is the single unit of body systems?
organs
What is the basic structural and functional unit of a living organism?
Cells
What is the other term of Regional Anatomy?
Topographic Anatomy
Where is the centre of the body located?
approximately anterior to the second sacral vertebra
What is the Frontal/Transverse/right-left axis?
a line that runs from right to left through the centre of the body
What is the Antero-posterior axis/sagittal axis?
a line that runs from front to the back through the centre of the body
What is the Craniocaudal/Longitudinal axis?
a line that runs from the superior to inferior through the centre of the body
