Unit 1: Microscope

Question 1

A system of accurately ground
lenses arranged to give sharp,
clear, magnified images of
minute objects

Answer 1

M I C R O S C O P E

Question 2

The technology of making very
small things visible to the
naked eye

Answer 2

M I C R O S C O P Y

Question 3

M I C R O S C O P Y

Answer 3

Zacharias Jannsen microscope 1608

Question 4

the process of enlarging something
only in appearance

Answer 4

M A G N I F I C A T I O N

Question 5

related to scaling up visuals or
images to be able to see more detail

Answer 5

M A G N I F I C A T I O N

Question 6

MAGNIFICATION

Answer 6

100
40
10
4

Question 7

the ability of the lenses to distinguish
fine detail and structure

Answer 7

R E S O L V I N G P O W E R

Question 8

ability to distinguish two points a
specified distance apart

Answer 8

R E S O L V I N G P O W E R

Question 9

Principle:
- when two substances have a
different index of refraction, the
light will bend as it passes from
one material to another

Answer 9

R E F R A C T I V E I N D E X

Question 10

Has one lens, similar to a
magnifying glass

Answer 10

S I M P L E M I C R O S C O P E

Question 11

Leeuwenhoek’s simple
microscopes magnify images
from 100X to 300X

Answer 11

S I M P L E M I C R O S C O P E

Question 12

T Y P E S O F
MICROSCOPY

Answer 12

LIGHT MICROSCOPY
A. BRIGHTFIELD
B. DARKFIELD
C.PHASE-CONTRAST
D. FLUORESENCE
E. DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST
F. INVERTED

Question 13

The microscope uses visible light to
observe specimen

Answer 13

L I G H T M I C R O S C O P Y

Question 14

• Specimen appears
  against a bright
  background
• Use: various stained
  specimens

Answer 14

B R I G H T F I E L D

Question 15

• Special condenser with
  opaque disk. Light enters
  the objective lens
• Use: for microorganisms
  which cannot be stained

Answer 15

D A R K F I E L D

Question 16

• Uses condenser with annular
  diaphragm which allows direct
  light to pass through the
  condenser
• Use: detailed examination of
  internal structures; does not
  require staining

Answer 16

P H A S E - C O N T R A S T

Question 17

• Uses a UV or near-UV
  source of illumination
• Use: observation of
  natural fluorescence and
  immunofluorescence

Answer 17

F L U O R E S E N C E

Question 18

• Uses different refractive
  indexes to produce image
• Use: provides 3D images
  of sample

Answer 18

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST

Question 19

• Light source and
  condenser is on top,
  above the stage
• Use: observation of living
  cells under more natural
  conditions

Answer 19

I N V E R T E D

Question 20

Microscope uses beam of electrons
instead of light

Answer 20

E L E C T R O N M I C R O S C O P Y

Question 21

Offers much greater resolving power

Answer 21

E L E C T R O N M I C R O S C O P Y

Question 22

E L E C T R O N M I C R O S C O P Y

Answer 22

SEM, TEM, STM

Question 23

Electrons are reflected from
the specimen; magnifies
1,000 to 10,000X
- Use: study of surface
features of cells and viruses

Answer 23

SCANNING ELECTRON (SEM)

Question 24

Electrons pass through the
specimen; magnifies 10,000
to 100,000X
- Use: examination of viruses
or internal ultrastructure in
thin sections of cells

Answer 24

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON (TEM)

Question 25

• Uses a thin metal probe
  that scans a specimen
• Use: reveals bumps and
  depressions of atoms on
  surface of specimen

Answer 25

SCANNING TUNNELING (STEM)

Question 26

• Measures the deflection
  of a laser beam aimed at
  the tip of a probe that
  travels across the surface
  of the specimen
• Use: visualization of
  individual molecules and
  atoms

Answer 26

D. ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY