Unit 1: Lab aparatus

Question 1

is defined as the amount of detail seen in an image or microscope. It involves the fineness, sharpness, and clarity of the produced image.

Answer 1

Resolution

Question 2

is defined as the process of enlarging something only in appearance and not its physical appearance. It is the ability of the microscope to scale up the visuals or images produced to see more details.

Answer 2

Magnification

Question 3

purpose of the oil

Answer 3

is to eliminate or lessen two (2) refractive surfaces which will increase the magnification to 1000 times or greater without affecting the resolution of the image.

Question 4

two or more lenses produce a dark image. The image that can be seen can be formed mainly through light absorption of the specimen.

Answer 4

Brightfield

Question 5

The only light that has been reflected or refracted off the specimen may reach the eye since the light stop prevents light from traveling straight from the illuminator to the objective lens.

Answer 5

Darkfield

Question 6

This method is utilized without staining and uses refraction and interference that are caused by the structures of the specimen. It creates images by converting wavelengths of the light rays passing through the sample.

Answer 6

Phase- contrast

Question 7

When the beams pass specimen or specimen-free space, they are added and effects of the specimens cause differences in the interference patterns generated by the 2 added beams.

Question 8

It uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which are capable of absorbing energy from a light source and then emitting this energy as visible light. Finally, the filtered fluorescent emission is sent to a detector where the image can be digitized.

Answer 8

Fluorescence

Question 9

uses a laser to scan multiple z-planes sequentially and capable of controlling depth of field. Image clarity is enhanced by a narrow aperture that reduces background information away that is not from the z-plane.

Answer 9

Confocal

Question 10

It allows electrons to travel through a vacuum inside the microscope, then the electrons are converted into a very thin beam in order to focus directly on the specimen.

Answer 10

TEM

Question 11

Images form usually from electrons that are knocked off of specimens by a beam of electrons. This results in creating a three dimensional with high quality and detailed images.

Answer 11

SEM

Question 12

Uses a probe that moves horizontally above the surface of the specimen as a constant voltage bias creates the potential for an electric current between the probe and the specimen.

Answer 12

Scanning Tunneling

Question 13

we can view the surface mainly to a quantum mechanical concept called as tunneling. a level of precision appropriate for single atoms.

Answer 13

Scanning Tunneling

Question 14

It helps to view and provide images of micro-and nanoparticles and thin specimens. As it uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens, such as secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, and X-rays.

Answer 14

SEM

Question 15

It allows us to observe details of thin specimens and internal structures such as organelles, membranes, etc.

Answer 15

TEM

Question 16

produces a point source of light and rejects out-of-focus light, providing the ability to produce high-resolution images at different depths and reconstruct images into three-dimensional images by a computer. This is useful for analyzing thick specimens like biofilms, which can check life and was not fixed.

Answer 16

Confocal

Question 17

works on the principle of staining the components and structures of the sample with dyes called fluorochromes, wherein it is used to visually enhance 3-D features at small scales. This gives the ability to visualize and easily distinguish unique features, components and structures of a sample of interest.

Answer 17

Fluorescence

Question 18

High-contrast images of living organisms with a three-dimensional appearance. These microscopes are especially useful in distinguishing structures within live, unstained specimens.

Answer 18

Differential interference contrast

Question 19

Q
This method is usually used in viewing live specimens as it does not require staining. Samples such as observing the organelles in eukaryotic cells and endospores in prokaryotic cells are viewed well

Answer 19

Phase- contrast

Question 20

we will be able to examine living, unstained specimens of the spirochete Treponema pallidum. The spirochetes seem bright on a black background, similar to a picture negative.

Answer 20

Darkfield

Question 21

Q
It is used to observe preserved and living specimens that have undergone basic staining, providing contrast between the picture and the image background.

Answer 21

Brightfield