unit 1 medicine Flashcards
what types of treatments were used (medieval)
zodiac charts to decide treatment,
doctrine of signatures - god created illness and guided doctors on treatments
herbs e.g balms with herbs and honey used to treat eye infections
urine charts to diagnose illness
what did hippocrates think was important
medical records (still used today)
what did hippocrates create
the theory of four humours:
blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile that must be balanced for good health
how long did the four humours last?
influenced medicine until 1800s
what was used to prevent illness
bloodletting - blood remover by opening a vein or using leeches to suck the blood out of
amputation - cutting off a painful or damaged part of the body
prayers - god sent disease as a punishment for humans (they thought) so prayers were often used as remedies
getting rid of bad smells - doctors wore masks with flower petals so they didn’t smell anything bad while treating patients
what did galen do
built on the theory of the four humours
why did galen make errors in his work
dissected animals to learn about human anatomy
why did the church like galen’s ideas?
it supported the design theory (God designed humans) as Galen called God ‘the creator’
church significance
very significant:
the church controlled universities where doctors trained
teaching was based on ancient texts written by Hippocrates and Galen
the church banned medical research and human dissection
who was sent to prison by church leaders for advocating scientific observation
Roger Bacon
What were medieval hospitals
Linked to monasteries or nunneries
No doctors - monks and nuns provided nursing care and relied on herbal treatments
Hospitals had altars where prayers were said regularly
Why was islamic medicine significantly more advanced than the Christian west
islamic doctors wrote medical encyclopaedias - their ideas were spread to Britain by crusaders
Islamic hospitals treated patients and also trained doctors
Who wrote a medical book (Islam)
islamic philosopher and doctor, Avicenna, wrote the Canon of Medicine: an important text until the 1700s
How did warfare help surgeons improve their skills
improved skill in sealing wounds - quicker amputations
new tools e.g. the arrow cup (removes an arrow head from the body without causing further damage)
Improved ointments (John Arderne’s pain killer)
Sharing through manuals or diagrams such as the ‘wound man’ (a surgical diagram)
Why was hygiene so bad in towns
most people believed it was not their role to ensure good hygiene for others
the king’s role was to protect people from invasion, not prevent disease
