Unit 1 Maps Flashcards
What is a GIS?
A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected recorded stored retrieved manipulated analyzed and displayed to the user
What does GIS stand for?
Geographic Information System
What does a GIS do?
Take the phenomena of various thematic maps and combine/layer that information into one map to analyze the relationship amongst data
What is a GPS?
a space-based global navigation satellite system that provide location and time information in all weather anywhere on earth when there in unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites
What does GPS stand for?
Global positioning system
Who maintains GPS?
the US government
What are two major types of maps?
General Reference and thematic maps
What are general reference maps?
-maps in which the base data is there for it’s own sake -the map itself is the information not the reference pointt for some other layer of data
What are examples of general reference maps?
Political, physical, topographic, climate, economic/resource, road map
What are the characteristics of a political map?
-focuses on the state and national boundaries of an area -included the location of cities -no topographical features
What are the characteristics of a physical map?
-shows the physical features of a place in eluding mountains lakes and rivers -elevation is demonstrated by a change of color, (green=low and brown=high)
What are the characteristics of a topographic map?
-shows different physical landscape features -display is different through the use of contour lines -contour lines and their spacing show changes in elevation and the rate at which it changes
What are the characteristics of a climate map?
-shows specific climate zones of an area based on the average temperature, precipitation etc. -uses colors to show difference in chosen weather condition
What are the characteristics of an economic/resource map?
-shows the specific type of economic activity or natural resources present in an area -uses different symbols or colors
What are the characteristics of a road map?
-most commonly used -shows major and minor highways and roads -use of important reference including airports, campgrounds, monuments, etc
What are the characteristics of a thematic map?
-use the base data of a map(roads, mountains etc) as reference point for some other specific information -provides specific information about a particular location -provides general information about spatial patterns -used to compare patterns on two or more maps
What are the five main types of thematic maps?
Chloropleth map, proportional symbol, contour (isarithmic) maps, dot was, asymmetric maps
What are the characteristics of a chloropleth map?
- -statistical data aggregated over redefined regions, such as countries or states by coloring or shading these regions -assumes relatively even distribution across the defined regions
What are the charateristics of a proportional symbol map?
-uses symbols of different sizes to represent data associated with different areas or lations within the map
What are the characteristics of a dot map?
The dot symbol remains the same size, howevere the density and number of dots represents the level of activity for that phenomenon
What are the characteristics of a contour/isarithmic map?
- requires some continuous phenomena
- verysimilar to topographic maps in presentation and structure
- depicts some other phenomena than land forms
What are the characteristics of a dasymetric map?
- similar to chloropleth map in use of it’s color
- does not use predefined regions
- the phenomena determines how to color within the lines
What are the four main cardinal directions?
North South East West
What is another name for a key?
a legend
Latitude=____________
Fatitude
What is the line of latitude at 0?
The Equator
What is at the line or latitude at 90 degrees north?
The north pole
What are lines of latitude called?
parallels
What do lines of longitude measure?
Distance east and west
What are the two end points for lines of latitude?
the north and south poles
What is the line of longitude at 0 degrees?
the prime meridian
What are lines of longitude called?
meridians
What is te primary scale used by the US?
1:24,000in
=1:2,000ft