Chapter 2 Flashcards
Who is Thomas Malthus?
- theory on population growth vs ability to grow food
- linear food growth vs exponential population growth
- did not account for changes in food production- industrial revolution
- 1789
What is Arithmetic density?
the number of people per square miles within a nation
What is physiological density?
the number of people per the amount of arable land
what is a concentration?
climate/water
What does dense mean?
trade/ability to grow food (megalopolis
What does sparse mean?
bad weather, difficult to grow food , lack of natural resources
Describe the world population distribution/ density?
East Asia: 1/4 of the world population there
South Asia: bound by the himalayas and a desert in pakistan
Europe:population is concentrated in cities
North America: megalopolis
Describe recent world population growth.
- doubling time has decreased over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
- slowly began to increase again after reaching 6 billion
What is crude birth rate?
of births per 1000 people in the population
What does high crude birth rate indicate?
-low life expectancy, high child/ infant mortality rates, attempting to replace the population
What is crude death rate?
of deaths per 1000 people in the population
What does the crude death rate rely on?
availability to medicine and sanitiation
What is the Natural rate of increase?
Births-Deaths
What can the the natural rate of increase rely on?
Immigration
What is the replacement rate?
of children that need to be born per woman in oder to replace the population
What is the exact replacement rate?
2.1
How do developed countries compare to the replacement rate?
many are below. Italy .8
What are population pyramids?
Charts that show percentage of each age group in the total population, divided by gender
How can health affect population?
Infant Mortality Child Mortality Life Expectancy Chronic Diseases Infectious diseases
How do governments affect population change?
Expansive, Eugenic, and restrictive policies
What is an expansive policy?
Tax credits/incentives
What is a eugenic policy?
cleansing based on ethnicity/superiority
What is a restrictive policy?
one child policy
What is the dependency ratio?
dependents on society
0-14 15-64 64+
What is the dependency ratio of a developing country?
1:1
Larger percentage of young dependents
What is the dependency ratio of a developed country?
- need adequate income and medical care after retirement
- have established means of providing things
What is Esther Boserupts theory of population growth?
- emphasized positive aspects of a large population
- the more people there are the more hands there are to work
- puts pressure on existing agricultural structures
What is a megalopolis?
Huge urban agglomerations
What is child mortality rate?
Child mortality rate is the deaths of children 1-5 from Kwashiorkor and Marasmus in Asia and Africa
What is infant mortality rate?
Count of infants that dies within their first year of life per 1000 live births
What are some chronic diseases?
Cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung ailments
What are the four stages of the demographic transition?
Low growth, high growth, moderate growth, low growth
Pre industrial revolution, early 1700s, first alf of 1900s, modern
