Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Thomas Malthus?

A
  • theory on population growth vs ability to grow food
  • linear food growth vs exponential population growth
  • did not account for changes in food production- industrial revolution
  • 1789
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2
Q

What is Arithmetic density?

A

the number of people per square miles within a nation

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3
Q

What is physiological density?

A

the number of people per the amount of arable land

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4
Q

what is a concentration?

A

climate/water

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5
Q

What does dense mean?

A

trade/ability to grow food (megalopolis

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6
Q

What does sparse mean?

A

bad weather, difficult to grow food , lack of natural resources

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7
Q

Describe the world population distribution/ density?

A

East Asia: 1/4 of the world population there
South Asia: bound by the himalayas and a desert in pakistan
Europe:population is concentrated in cities
North America: megalopolis

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8
Q

Describe recent world population growth.

A
  • doubling time has decreased over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
  • slowly began to increase again after reaching 6 billion
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9
Q

What is crude birth rate?

A

of births per 1000 people in the population

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10
Q

What does high crude birth rate indicate?

A

-low life expectancy, high child/ infant mortality rates, attempting to replace the population

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11
Q

What is crude death rate?

A

of deaths per 1000 people in the population

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12
Q

What does the crude death rate rely on?

A

availability to medicine and sanitiation

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13
Q

What is the Natural rate of increase?

A

Births-Deaths

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14
Q

What can the the natural rate of increase rely on?

A

Immigration

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15
Q

What is the replacement rate?

A

of children that need to be born per woman in oder to replace the population

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16
Q

What is the exact replacement rate?

A

2.1

17
Q

How do developed countries compare to the replacement rate?

A

many are below. Italy .8

18
Q

What are population pyramids?

A

Charts that show percentage of each age group in the total population, divided by gender

19
Q

How can health affect population?

A
Infant Mortality
Child Mortality
Life Expectancy
Chronic Diseases
Infectious diseases
20
Q

How do governments affect population change?

A

Expansive, Eugenic, and restrictive policies

21
Q

What is an expansive policy?

A

Tax credits/incentives

22
Q

What is a eugenic policy?

A

cleansing based on ethnicity/superiority

23
Q

What is a restrictive policy?

A

one child policy

24
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

dependents on society

0-14 15-64 64+

25
Q

What is the dependency ratio of a developing country?

A

1:1

Larger percentage of young dependents

26
Q

What is the dependency ratio of a developed country?

A
  • need adequate income and medical care after retirement

- have established means of providing things

27
Q

What is Esther Boserupts theory of population growth?

A
  • emphasized positive aspects of a large population
  • the more people there are the more hands there are to work
  • puts pressure on existing agricultural structures
28
Q

What is a megalopolis?

A

Huge urban agglomerations

29
Q

What is child mortality rate?

A

Child mortality rate is the deaths of children 1-5 from Kwashiorkor and Marasmus in Asia and Africa

30
Q

What is infant mortality rate?

A

Count of infants that dies within their first year of life per 1000 live births

31
Q

What are some chronic diseases?

A

Cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung ailments

32
Q

What are the four stages of the demographic transition?

A

Low growth, high growth, moderate growth, low growth

Pre industrial revolution, early 1700s, first alf of 1900s, modern