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AP Human Geography > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Rimland theory?

A
  • Spykman
  • Environmental determinism
  • Northern developed part of the world would always be more important
  • Disagreed with heartland
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2
Q

What is organic theory?

A
  • Ratzel
  • the state is like an organism attached to the earth that competes to survive
  • states need lebehsraum (living space)
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3
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

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4
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

The lending of massive amounts of money to peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with restriction strings attached.

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5
Q

What are majority minority districts?

A

districts where a majority of the population is from the minority

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6
Q

What are core processes?

A

incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology

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7
Q

What is the semi-periphery?

A

places where the periphery and the core processes are both occuring

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8
Q

World Trade Organization (WTO)

A

works to negotiate rules of trade among the member states

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9
Q

What is the heartland theory?

A
  • MArkinder
  • 1904 British american school
  • Control of the central part of Eurasia africa is crucial
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10
Q

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

A

An international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil

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11
Q

Stateless Nation

A

nation that does not have a state

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12
Q

Allocational/resource boundary dispute

A

Dispute over location and resources

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13
Q

What are the four steps in establishing boundaries?

A
  • define the boundary
  • cartographers delimit the boundary by drawing the map
  • demarcate the boundary physically
  • administrate the boundary (tolls)
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14
Q

What are centripetal forces?

A

forces within the state that unify the people

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15
Q

City-state

A

a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

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16
Q

Describe three devolutionary forces.

A

Spatial, economic, ethnocultural

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17
Q

What was the purpose of NATO?

A
  • military security

- to gain power for the US during the cold war

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18
Q

What is critical geopolitics?

A

the intellectuals of statecraft construct ideas about places, these ideas influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices

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19
Q

What are physical/political boundaries?

A
  • natural political boundaries

- visible on the landscape

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20
Q

What was the purpose of the Warsaw Pact?

A

-to gain power during the cold war for USSR

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21
Q

State

A

a defined territory with a government, and a permanent population that is recognized by other states

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22
Q

Nation-state

A

a politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space

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23
Q

When was the UN established? By whom?

A
  • after WW2

- 49 countries

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24
Q

What are three parts of world systems theory?

A
  • the world economy has one market and a global division of labor
  • although the world has multiple states almost everything takes place within the context of the world economy
  • the world economy has a three tier structure
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25
Q

Who are the five permanent members of the security council?

A

China, Russia, US, UK, France

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26
Q

Nation

A

a culturally defined group of people with a shared past and common future who relate to a territory and have political goals

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27
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

28
Q

What are geometric boundaries?

A

-used the grid system such as latitude and longitude

29
Q

Reapportionment

A

Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people

30
Q

What is devolution?

A

the movement of power away form a centralized to regional forms of government

31
Q

What are centrifugal forces?

A

forces within the state that divide people

32
Q

What is a strong and weak federal system?

A

In a strong federal system regions have much control over government policies and opposite for weak

33
Q

What the two types of devolution and an example of each?

A
  • Devolution may occur through permanent reconstructing of constitutions- Slovakia
  • Devolution may evolve as an experiment to test the preparedness of an area
34
Q

What is a federal system?

A

organizing state territory into regions, states or cantons

35
Q

What is the sea power theory?

A
  • Mayhan British
  • Nations that control the sea have power
  • 1890
36
Q

What is a supranational organization?

A

a separate entity composed of three or more state that forge an association and form an administrative structure for the mutual benefit and pursuit of shared goals

37
Q

World Bank

A

an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes

38
Q

Balkanization

A

the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one another. An example of balkanization is Yugoslavia

39
Q

Territory

A

Area of land controlled by a nation.

40
Q

Boundary

A

vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface

41
Q

What is a perforated state? Ex?

A
  • state within a state

- South Africa

42
Q

balance of power

A

equal strength between opposing alliances of states

43
Q

What is the biggest problem with elongated states? Ex?

A
  • communication problems

- Chile

44
Q

What is the theory of Pan regions?

A
  • Hauschofer-German
  • Extension of Heartland
  • Northern core controls southern periphery
45
Q

What is the policy of unilateralism?

A

only one state can be described as a superpower in the modern world

46
Q

What is the greatest advantage of compact states? Ex?

A
  • communication efficient

- Kenya

47
Q

What is geopolitics?

A

a theoretical analysis of political activities that incorporates geography, power, and international relations

48
Q

Territorial integrity

A

the right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursion from other states

49
Q

Territoriality

A

the attempt by an individual or a group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area

50
Q

What is a stateless nation?

A

the situation in which a clearly defined nation lacks the territorial integrity and sovereignty of a state

51
Q

What is a multinational state?

A

a state with more than one nation inside of it’s borders

52
Q

Landlocked

A

surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land

53
Q

What are definition boundary disputes?

A

-focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement
-especially a problem if the boundary is defined by some natural characteristic
-

54
Q

What is Cohens theory?

A
  • Maritime region-trade, US Japan Europe

- Euraisian continental real china russia

55
Q

What is a locational boundary dispute?

A

the interpretation of the boundary from the map to the real world comes into dispute

56
Q

What is multistate nation?

A

when a nation stretches across borders and across states

57
Q

What are operational boundary disputes?

A
  • different views on the operations and the function of the border between countries
  • focus on border migration and smuggling
58
Q

What is the Air Power theory?

A
  • de Seversky
  • whoever controls the skies would be the world power
  • focus on the north power
59
Q

What is the is the reason for prorupted states? Ex?

A
  • provides or prevents access

- Namibia, Oklahoma

60
Q

Buffer state

A

a small neutral state between two rival powers

61
Q

Democracy

A

the idea that the people are the ultimate sovereign

62
Q

European Union

A

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

63
Q

What are periphery processes?

A

processes that incorporate lower levels of education lower salaries and less technology

64
Q

What is the World system theory?

A
  • Wallerstein 1970s

- Empires with a single political system

65
Q

What is a fragmented state? Ex?

A
  • discontinued, not connected
  • discontinued by water/ land
  • USA

AP Human Geography (8 decks)

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